Mark True or False for each statement below. Kernel-space threads can have threads with different states (e.g., ready, blocked). [1] Threads in a multithreaded process share code, data, and file descriptors, but have their own register information and stack. [2] User-space threads are managed by the operating system’s scheduler. [3] User-space threads can block the entire process if one thread requests a blocking operation. [4] Each process in a kernel-space multithreaded system has a separate thread table for managing threads. [5]

Mark True or False for each statement below. 1. In contiguous file allocation, files are stored in sequential order on the drive, which can lead to fragmentation issues. [1]2. Linked list allocation is efficient for random access because each block contains a pointer to the next. [2]3. File Allocation Table (FAT) is an example of chained table allocation, where the linked list of blocks is stored in memory to reduce disk access. [3]4. Indexed allocation uses an index block containing pointers to each file block, which allows more flexibility in file size than a single pointer. [4]5. Multi-level indexed allocation combines direct and indirect blocks, allowing for larger maximum file sizes compared to a single-level index. [5]

Mark True or False for each statement below. 1. Batch scheduling systems aim to maximize CPU utilization and minimize mean turn-around time. [1] 2. Shortest Job First (SJF) scheduling requires prior knowledge of the duration of each job to be optimal. [2] 3. Mean Turn-Around Time (MTT) is calculated by dividing the total turn-around time of all processes by the number of processes. [3] 4. The Crystal Ball algorithm is a practical, real-time scheduling algorithm used to optimize turn-around time. [4] 5. Priority-based scheduling assigns the highest priority to processes with the largest CPU time. [5]

Mark True or False for the Following Questions 1. The term “process” and “job” are completely interchangeable and have no differences. [1]2. The first generation of operating systems (1945–1955) had no OS and required programmers to act as operators. [2]3. Multiprogramming increases CPU efficiency by ensuring that the processor is always performing useful computations rather than remaining idle. [3]4. Batch systems, introduced in the second generation of operating systems (1955–1965), allowed users to interact with the computer in real time. [4]5. The operating system serves as both a resource manager and an extended machine, simplifying the user’s interaction with the hardware. [5]

Which of the following types of assignments are to be done in groups? Mark all that apply.

Which of these requires citation of sources for work (e.g., writing or code)? Work is copied from another source [1] Work is inspired by another source [2] I copied part of work from a previous submission / publication [3] I am inspired by my previous submission / publication [4]

When I feel that there is an error in grading, I should…

In a modern operating system, if a process wishes to use a device: A process can directly access the device to instruct it accordingly without switching to Kernel mode.[1]  In passing data to a device, the data from the process is typically first copied to a buffer that can be read by the OS in Kernel mode. [2]  Processes access data from a character (serial) device in fixed-sized blocks of bytes.[3]  Processes transfer data to a block device as a stream of individual bits, one at a time.[4] 

Which of the following would result from doubling the block size in a multilevel indexed filesystem, assuming no other changes? Doubling of maximum file size.[1]  Decrease the average read/write time on spinning disks.[2]  Increased space efficiency / utilization.[3]  Doubling of maximum filesystem size.[4] 

Which of the following models is used to protect the confidentiality of data?