Suppose that a channel obeys the concerted allosteric model (see below). The binding of ligand to the R state (the open form) is 20 times as tight as that to the T state (the closed form). In the absence of ligand, the ratio of closed to open channels is 105. If the channel is a tetramer, what is the fraction of open channels when 1, 2, 3, and 4 ligands are bound? The ratio of closed to open channels is 105 when no ligands are bound.  The ratio of closed to open channels is [blank1] when one ligand is bound. The fraction of open channels is [blank2]. The ratio of closed to open channels is [blank3] when two ligands are bound. The fraction of open channels is [blank4]. The ratio of closed to open channels is [blank5] when three ligands are bound. The fraction of open channels is [blank6]. The ratio of closed to open channels is [blank7] when four ligands are bound. The fraction of open channels is [blank8].

Acid sensing is associated with pain testing, and other biological activities. Acid sensing is carried out by a ligand-gated channel that permits Na+ influx in response to H+. This family of acid-sensitive ion channels (ASICs) includes a number of members. Psalmotoxin 1 (PcTX1), a venom from the tarantula, inhibits some members of this family. The following electrophysiological recording of cells containing several members of the ASIC family were made in the presence of toxin at a concentration of 10 nM. The channels were opened by changing the pH from 7.4 to the indicated values. The PcTX1 was present for a short period of time (indicated by the black bar above the recording below), after which time is was rapidly washed from the system.  Which member(s) of the ASIC family -ASIC1a, ASIC1b, ASIC2a, or ASIC3- is/are most sensitive to the toxin?  Is the effect of the toxin reversible? Explain.  What concentration of PcTX1 yields 50% inhibition of the sensitive channel? 

An EBP tool that displays a combination or fusion of findings from a body of evidence is: 

Which database is not appropriate to use to answer a clinical question? 

Please select all that apply to each of the following key steps in the evidence-based practice process.  

How many research articles are required to adequately answer a clinical question and how many databases should be searched? 

Which of the following is a valid reason to modify an evidence-based plan of care? 

We determine the strength of our body of evidence by: (Which one of the following?)

Fill in the Blank. Nursing research is a systematic inquiry designed to _______________ about issues of importance to the nursing profession, including nursing practice, education, administration, and informatics. 

When defining what research is, it dates back to 1593.  The first documented nursing research took place during which of following?