A plant that is homozygous recessive for mangled leaf and prickly fruit (mmpp) is crossed with the double heterozygote (MmPp), resulting in 1047 offspring: 472 with mangled leaves (mP), 453 with prickly fruit (Mp), 63 wild type (MP), and 59 with mangled leaves and prickly fruit (mp). From these data, you can conclude that ________.

Which of the following techniques would be useful in determining whether a proto-oncogene (the gene itself) is amplified in the genome of a cancer cell?

An ESE of ___________ mGya is the average dose for a fluoroscopic exam.

Mean marrow dose is used to estimate, on a population basis, the risk of one late effect of radiation, which is _______________.

Proteasome inhibitors are used to treat some types of cancer. These inhibitors will directly affect which type of gene expression regulation?

Doses below the maximum permissible dose should not produce significant radiation effects.

Genetically significant dose:A. is estimated only through large-scale studiesB.  is 0.2 mGyt/yrC. is a high dose that is expected to cause measurable responses

In typical blood vessels, the alpha smooth muscle actin (aSMA) gene is highly expressed in the smooth muscle cell layer but not in the endothelial cells that line the vessels.  Compare the aSMA gene in smooth muscle cells and epithelial cells in terms of: A.  Likely modifications in the regulatory regions of the aSMA gene in the two cell types. Briefly explain your reasoning.  (4 points) B.  Likely positions of the aSMA gene in topological associated domains and/or lamina-associated domains in the two cell types. Briefly explain your reasoning.  (4 points)

Secondary protective barriers:

Chromosomal translocations are proposed to cause cancer-associated changes two to three orders of magnitude faster than would be expected from mutation alone. How can chromosomal translocations accomplish in a short time what mutation is not likely to accomplish over many years?