What is the advantage gained by the glutamatergic cell in sh…
What is the advantage gained by the glutamatergic cell in shuttling lactate when it appears that a pyruvate shuttle would be more direct? (1 pt.) What role does Ala play in the shuttle system? Again it appears that shuttling pyruvate would be more direct. (1 pt.) Write out the reaction that takes 2-oxoglu, which is another name for a-ketoglutarate, directly to Glu (the reaction labeled GDH reaction). You may use names of the substrate and product. Include any cofactors and give the enzyme name. (2 pts.) Gln is the amino acid with the highest circulating concentration in the blood. What major role does it play in nitrogen metabolism? (1 pt.) This article talks about ATP control of glycolysis. Give the name of one enzyme in the citric acid cycle that is controlled by ATP or ADP/AMP levels. (1 pt.) “Increased nervous system activity requires increased energy metabolism in neurons. The conventional view is that neuronal energy metabolism is fuelled by glucose oxidation (Chih et al. 2001). The action potentials of neuron activity result in Na+ entry and K+ efflux which activates Na+-K+ -ATPase in the neuronal plasma membrane; this ATPase pump activity in turn leads to decreased ATP, increased ADP, increased Pi, and increased AMP, standard activators of glycolysis, the TCA cycle and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. ATP synthesis will increase via these energetic pathways with a concomitant utilization of intracellular glucose that lowers glucose, leading to…” Acetyl CoA and Glu can react to form N-acetyl Glu, which is a potent activator of the enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase. Briefly explain why this compound is well suited to regulate the activity of this enzyme? (2 pts.)
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