Nucleic acids absorb light strongly in the ultraviolet region of the spectrum because they have ________ double-bond systems.  

Ceramides contain a fatty acid linked by an____________ via the C-3 hydroxyl group of sphingosine.

As DNA denatures, its UV absorbance at 260nm increases due to the “hyperchromic effect.” All of the following statements about DNA denaturation are true, EXCEPT:

Which of the following does NOT describe the secondary structure of DNA as proposed by Watson and Crick?

Mitochondrial complex I is a large protein complex located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. During cellular respiration, this complex uses energy to transport hydrogen ions (H+) against their concentration gradient. The steps of (H+) transport carried out by mitochondrial complex I are depicted in the following diagram:     Given the concentration gradient established by mitochondrial complex I, which of the following movements can occur?

Membrane passive transport and transport by channels and pores requires ________.  

Purines and pyrimidines exist in two tautomeric forms (lactam and lactim); nucleosides exist in two conformations (syn and anti). The most common forms found in cells are ________.  

Saturated fatty acids are different to unsaturated fatty acids because they ________.  

Low potassium is hypocalcemia. (B7)

This is a reading question.  Read the paragraph and answer the question based on the new vocabulary and concepts you learned in Chapter 11. During the fall of 2012, over 130 patients developed very rare fungal infections (mostly meningitis) in several U.S. states following routine injections of methylprednisolone, a type of steroid drug, into the epidural space around the spinal cord.  Two species of environmental molds (naturally live in the outdoor environment) were identified as responsible for the infections, Aspergillus fumigatus and a species in the genus Exserohilum.  Neither of these species causes natural human infections, and the infections that occurred were not communicable.  The fungal contaminations of the drug occurred at the New England Compounding Center in Massachusetts, where the steroid formulations were packaged.  These contaminations were not discovered until after the drug had been given to many patients, and no infections were caused by hospital employee errors.  Once the source was identified, the contaminated steroids were removed from the market, and no further infections occurred.  Select each of the following that is true about this scenario.