Cells use ________ to transfer DNA from one cell to another via conjugation. A. fimbriae B. Pili C. Celia D. Flagella

What is the difference between spores and endospores? A. Endospores are formed inside the nucleus; spores are formed in the cytoplasm. B. Endospores are formed by eukaryotes; spores are formed by prokaryotes. C .Spores are reproductive structures; endospores are stable resting structures. D. There is no difference between spores and endospores.

Viruses can cultured on artificial medium

Where can lipopolysaccharide be found?   A. in the flagella of bacterial cells B. in the peptidoglycan layer of Gram-positive bacterial cells C. in the outer membrane of Gram-positive bacterial cells D. in the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacterial cells

The invention of which instrument was most critical to the field of microbiology?   A. Transfer loop B. Petri dish C. Microscope D. Centrifuge

Lysozyme is an antibacterial enzyme in human tears that degrades peptidoglycan. Which type of organism would be MOST sensitive to lysozyme?   A. Archaeon  B. Alga C. Gram-negative bacterium D. Gram-positive bacterium

The process of heating food, usually liquid, just enough to kill microbes without changing the food’s basic qualities is termed ________.   A. Fermentation B. Pasteurization C. Respiration D. Transformation

The standard definition of a species as a group of individuals capable of interbreeding does not apply to bacteria because A. Not possible to distinguish morphologically because of their tiny size B. They do not have sexual reproduction C. They mutate very fast D. They out breed frequently

As president, Woodrow Wilson

In August 1928, ____________________ declared that American was “nearer to the final triumph over poverty than ever before in the history of any land.”