Suppose a group of researchers is interested in investigating whether a new type of chemotherapy is safe for breast cancer patients who are pregnant. Initially the researchers plan to conduct a randomized controlled trial in which they randomly assign pregnant patients to the intervention group, in which they receive the new chemotherapy, or to the control group, in which they receive usual care. Before the researchers start their randomized controlled trial, they submit their study protocol to the institutional review board. However, the institutional review board decides to disapprove the study and advises the researchers to change their study design into an observational study design.   Why did the institutional review board disapprove this study? (max. 6 points).

Suppose a group of researchers performed a randomized controlled trial to determine if among Floridan adults with major depressive disorder a mindfulness-based cognitive therapy intervention is effective in reducing depressive symptoms after three-months compared to standard cognitive therapy. The researchers have finalized their data collection and are ready to analyze the data. However, the researchers disagree about the most appropriate measure of association for their study. Researcher A thinks that a risk ratio would be the most appropriate measure, while researcher B thinks that an odds ratio would be the most appropriate measure.   What would be the more appropriate measure of association in this situation, the risk ratio or odds ratio (2 points)? Explain why your chosen measure of association is more appropriate than the other (max. 4 points).

Please turn in your scratch paper to Professor Hovda or designated proctor before leaving the room.

Please show blank piece of paper (front and back) to the camera before you begin.

A key feature of developing civilizations that was useful for creating an agricultural surplus and eventually create a strong system of trade was… 

A-to-D converter converts analog sound to digital values.

JPEG and PNG are examples of Object (vector) images.

Which intervention would be LEAST beneficial for this patient to address the symptoms resulting from compression of the thoracic outlet?

Your patient with HNP and cervical radiculopathy is just beginning mechanical traction. To use this effectively as part of the treatment plan on the first treatment…

Most cervical disk lesions are seen in the lower cervical spine, while cervicogenic headache symptoms are more likely in the upper cervical spine.