Scenario: After years of the nationwide prohibition of alcohol, which had led to the rise of illegal bootlegging and organized crime, the public sentiment shifted, and many began to advocate for the legalization of alcohol. Eventually, an amendment was passed that repealed the earlier prohibition and allowed for the legal manufacture, sale, and consumption of alcohol once again. Which amendment allowed for the end of Prohibition and made alcohol legal?

Scenario: A public school principal requires all students to participate in a daily religious prayer, regardless of their personal beliefs. A group of parents files a complaint, arguing that the mandatory prayer is unconstitutional. Which amendment supports the parents’ claim?

Scenario: In the past, newly elected Presidents were sworn in during the month of March, which led to a prolonged transition period and left outgoing Presidents with reduced authority (“lame duck” status). To address these concerns, the Constitution was amended to change the inauguration date of newly elected Presidents. In a recent election, the President is inaugurated on January 20th, as specified by this amendment. Which amendment changed the inauguration date from March to January?

Scenario: A local government decides to seize a portion of private land to build a new public highway. The landowner, whose family has owned the property for generations, receives a notice that they must surrender their property immediately. However, the government offers no compensation for the land, arguing that the highway is needed to benefit the entire community. The landowner challenges the action, insisting that while they understand the public need, they have the right to receive fair compensation for their property. The dispute escalates, with the government refusing to negotiate or provide payment, claiming that the project must move forward quickly. Which amendment protects the landowner’s right to receive just compensation for the seized property?

Scenario: A state legislature passes a law that provides different levels of financial assistance for public school students, based solely on the neighborhood in which they live. Parents from less affluent neighborhoods argue that this law creates an unfair disparity in educational funding and denies their children equal protection under the law. Which amendment supports the parents’ claim?

What constitutional right did the Supreme Court base its decision on in Roe v. Wade, which established a woman’s right to choose to have an abortion?

Scenario: During a police interrogation, a suspect is pressured to provide details about their alleged involvement in a crime. The officers threaten harsher charges if the suspect does not cooperate. The suspect refuses, arguing that they cannot be forced to incriminate themselves. Which amendment protects the suspect in this situation?

Scenario: A group of protesters gathers at a public park to demonstrate against a new law they consider unfair, which affects their rights to access certain public services. They have obtained all the required permits and followed the necessary procedures to ensure their protest is lawful. The group plans speeches and has notified the media of their intention to protest peacefully. However, on the day of the protest, local authorities suddenly declare the demonstration illegal, citing potential unrest and unspecified concerns about public safety. Law enforcement arrives on the scene, using loudspeakers to order the protesters to disperse immediately. When the protesters refuse, arguing that they have the right to peacefully assemble, they are arrested and fined for unlawful assembly. What constitutional protection should the protesters invoke to challenge their arrest?

Scenario: A police officer observes an individual walking in a neighborhood late at night. Without any reasonable suspicion or probable cause, the officer stops the individual and demands to search their bag. Despite the individual’s protest that they are not doing anything illegal, the officer insists on the search and finds illegal substances inside the bag. The officer arrests the individual and charges them with possession of illegal drugs. During the trial, the individual argues that the search was unlawful, as the officer had no probable cause or warrant to conduct the search. The prosecution claims that the search was justified based on the circumstances of the individual being in the area late at night. Which amendment could the individual cite in challenging the arrest?

Scenario: A woman attempts to register to vote in a national election but is denied solely on the basis of her gender. She challenges this decision in court, arguing that it is a violation of her constitutional rights. The local election office insists that voting rights for women are not explicitly recognized in the Constitution, but the woman contends that an amendment specifically grants her the right to vote. Which amendment supports her claim that she cannot be denied the right to vote based on her gender?