A primer (red) is annealed to a DNA template (black) as shown below:       The nucleobase of the next nucleotide that DNA polymerase will add to the primer is:

The following base can become damaged and form dimers in response to UV light.    

Tyrosine recombinases and serine recombinases both perform sequence-specific recombination that proceeds through a Holliday Junction.

A laboratory blood test has 97% sensitivity, that is, 97% effective in detecting a certain disease when it is in fact present. However, the test also yields a “false positive” result for 1% of the healthy persons tested. If 2% of the population actually has the disease, what is the probability that a person has the disease given that the test result is positive?

When a couple has a baby, the probability that they have a daughter is 0.5. The probability that they have a baby that is both female and has brown eyes is 0.28. Given that a couple has a daughter, what is the probability their daughter has brown eyes?

A microRNA (in red) binds to its mRNA target (black) as shown below:       Based on the degree of base-pairing observed, the target will NOT be cleaved.

An unusual gene from a Eukaryotic protozoan parasite that cause human diseases contains a “group I intron” that must be spliced out to form a mature mRNA that encodes a protein. If the entire exact DNA sequence (including the group I intron) for this gene is inserted into a prokaryote genome like E. coli, when E. coli tries to express this gene the resulting polypeptide sequence will be the same as when it is made in the parasite.

Which of the following codons in an mRNA can form a wobble-pair interaction with a tRNA that has an anticodon sequence of 5’-GAA-3’?

A DNA is observed to have a topology Lk=120. Which of the following topological configurations (Lk=Tw+wr) for that DNA molecule would require the action of a topoisomerase?

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