[MidA] Fredrick’s mother reports that he often cries and hides when told it is time for bed most nights. The behavior analyst observes Fredrick just before bedtime for several days and graphs the data. Next, she instructs Fredrick’s parents to implement a visual-schedule intervention, which provides their son with a clear sequence of activities before bedtime. Fredrick’s parents report that they are happy with the outcome of the intervention. Which basic operation of the science of behavior analysis is missing from this example?

[MidA] Dawson begins to mow his lawn in the morning 20 minutes after his wife asks him to. It takes Dawson about an hour to mow his front and back lawn before going inside for lunch. He typically mows his lawn four times a month. Which part of this scenario exemplifies the fundamental property of repeatability?

[MidA] Marshall bangs his head against walls several times a day. Marshall’s behavior analyst, Fathima, has trained his residential staff to collect data on how many times Marshall bangs his head daily. Data collection began on July 13th with no intervention, and on August 1st, Fathima introduced a new intervention to decrease the number of head bangs. How would the change in the number of head bangs over time be represented on an equal-interval line graph?

[MidA] During a staff training, the behavior analyst (BA) teaches the task-analyzed skill of conducting a preference assessment. The BA asks for a volunteer to help demonstrate, and a participant, Gavin, raises his hand. The BA asks Gavin to come to the front while she demonstrates the skill. She then asks Gavin to demonstrate the skill while she provides prompts and to practice with feedback in front of the class. After the demonstration, the BA conducts a pretest of each participant’s percent of accurate steps on the skill without additional prompts or practice. Next, she provides training using prompts and practice with feedback, followed by another skill test post-training. The BA noticed that Gavin scored higher than most other participants on his pre-test and post-test. This difference in test performance between Gavin and the other participants is most likely an example of what type of threat to internal validity?

[MidA] Miranda is a 2-year-old learning sign language but has poor fine motor ability. A physical therapist starts working with Miranda to strengthen her muscles and fine motor control. A few years later, Miranda is now performing her signs clearly to others and can better communicate with those around her. Which of the following is most likely an example of maturation effects in this scenario?

[MidA] Patsy is in a high-school special education class with other students with various diagnoses. Patsy is friendly and loves to laugh and tell jokes to others but often mentions that she is lonely and wants a friend. At lunch in the cafeteria with the entire student body, she often sits alone while some students tease her, and others just ignore her. Given this information, which of the following would be considered the most socially valid outcome/result for Patsy?

[MidA] Maya wants to get her driver’s license so she can commute to school and eventually buy her own car. To reach this goal, she must first complete a driver’s education course, practice driving with a permit under supervision, and pass the road test. After getting her license, she plans to drive regularly to school and work to build confidence before purchasing her own vehicle. Which of the following is a short-term objective for Maya in this scenario?

[MidA] Which of the following is an example of a functional response definition?

[MidA] Pat begins mowing his lawn in the morning 20 minutes after his wife asks him to. It takes Pat about an hour to mow his front and back lawn before he goes inside for lunch. He typically mows his lawn four times a month. Which part of this scenario exemplifies the fundamental property of repeatability?

[MidA] Karla works as a salesperson at an automobile dealership that sells sporty cars, family sedans, vans, and pick-up trucks. George, the owner, wants his salespeople to sell more “extra features” on the vehicles they sell. George offers a $500 bonus to whichever salesperson sells the most extra features each month. The first month, Karla sells the most extra features and receives the bonus. Karla now tends to sell more extra features on each automobile she is selling. In the third month of the incentive program, this year’s new car models arrive to the dealership. During the fourth month of the program, Karla sells the fewest extra features of any salesperson at the dealership. Which of the following is most likely to be an extraneous variable in this scenario?