Pipe jack stands usually have either a V-head or a roller head that can be adjusted according to the pipe diameter. 

Which of the following tools should never be made in your home shop or in the field? 

A welder who qualifies in one position automatically qualifies to weld in all positions. 

Excessive root reinforcement on the interior of pipe: 

Which of the following is true about clamping small-diameter pipes? 

The best way to attach a strongback to the weldment is to: 

A qualification test measures the welder’s ability to make _____ and _____ welds in different positions. 

Tools such as clamps and strongbacks can be used to ________ distortion. 

If a welder fails a qualification test, he or she may immediately restest by taking ______ test weld(s) of the type that was failed. 

Sometimes distortion takes place when devices such as clamps are removed. This is caused by residual stess.