In this phylogenetic tree, which trait is shared between the Chordata and Echinodermata?

Spiders and scorpions belong to the phylum:

Which of the following is an exception to the Fourth Amendment’s exclusionary rule, which would allow evidence obtained through an unlawful search or seizure to still be admitted in court?  

A public school allows various community organizations to use its facilities after school hours but denies access to a religious book club that seeks to hold monthly meetings. The book club sues the school, arguing that the denial violates the First Amendment. Based on the Supreme Court’s holding in Good News Club v. Milford Central School (2001), which of the following best explains why the court might rule in favor of the religious book club?  

Which of the following best describes the requirements for a warrant to be valid under the Fourth Amendment?

Explain the general holding of Lochner, including the concept of “liberty of contract” and how it relates to substantive due process. Finally, consider how modern courts might rule on a case like Lochner today, given the current understanding of substantive due process and the government’s power to regulate economic activity (minimum 150 words).

A court is evaluating the constitutionality of a law in a Substantive Due Process case. To determine the constitutionality of the law, the court is determining whether that law is necessary for the accomplishment of a compelling state interest. Based on how the court is evaluating the law, which of the following is most likely to be true?

Read the following paragraph from Justice Douglas’ concurrence in Youngstown Sheet & Tube Co. v. Sawyer, 343 U.S. 579 (1952).  The doctrine of __________________ was adopted by the [Constitutional] Convention of 1787 not to promote efficiency, but to preclude the exercise of arbitrary power. The purpose was not to avoid friction, but, by means of the inevitable friction incident to the distribution of the governmental powers among three [branches], to save the people from autocracy.  Which of the following phrases should be included in the blank?

In United States v. Lopez (1995), the Supreme Court struck down the Gun-Free School Zones Act as an unconstitutional, holding that Congress did not have the power under the Commerce Clause to pass this law. Which of the following most accurately explains the Court’s reasoning?

A suspect is arrested and subjected to custodial interrogation, but the police fail to inform them of their Miranda rights. During the interrogation, the suspect confesses to the crime. At trial, the defense moves to throw out the evidence of the confession so that it cannot be heard by a jury. Which of the following best describes what is likely to happen?