Refer to Figure 9.  Tissue sections A & B are from reproductive organs that play an important role in gamete formation. Although one is male and one is female, the cells in these organs have very similar functions.  For example, cell #1 and cell #5 are closely related to each other.  NAME each of these cells, and briefly explain what makes them similar.  Cell #1: [a] Cell #5: [b] How they are similar: [c]

Refer to Figure 7.  These tissue sections come from accessory organs of the digestive system, and the numbers indicate specific cells or cellular structures that are important to the function of this organ.  Which of these sections is from an organ that would be located primarily in the lower left hypochondriac and upper umbilical regions of the abdominal cavity?: [a] Which of these cellular structures drains blood back to the heart after it passes through the digestive system and completes metabolic processing?: [b] Which of these cellular structures would contain blood with the highest oxygen saturation? [c] Which of these are glandular epithelial cells that only have exocrine functions? [d]

Refer to Figure 1.  The head model in sagittal view (A) has organs from both the respiratory and digestive tracts. Using your knowledge of these systems and the typical materials moving through these passageways, identify the TYPE OF EPITHELIUM that would be found at the numbered locations below Epithelium at Site 2:  [1] Epithelium at Site 5:  [2] Epithelium at Site 12:  [5]

Refer to Figure 7.  These tissue sections come from accessory organs of the digestive system, and the numbers indicate specific cells or cellular structures that are important to their functions.  Which of these sections is from an organ that would be located primarily in the right hypochondriac and epigastric regions of the abdominal cavity?: [a] Which of these cellular structures carries material to another organ to aid lipid digestion?: [b] Which of these cellular structures is a vein that carries blood between two organs instead of carrying blood back to the heart? [c] Which of these are glandular epithelial cells that only have endocrine functions? [d]

Refer to Figure 1.  The model labeled B shows organs of the respiratory tract that contain cartilage, but specific types of cartilage have different functions.  What type of cartilage is present in organ #16? [a] What is the function of this cartilage? [b]

Refer to Figure 5.  This figure shows multiple organs of the digestive tract located in the abdominal cavity, but mechanical digestion begins in the mouth.  Name the specific accessory structures in the mouth that help by cutting and slicing into foods: [a] Be specific!

Refer to Figure 1.  The model labeled B shows organs of the respiratory tract that contain cartilage, but specific types of cartilage have different functions.  What type of cartilage is present in organ #15? [a] What is the function of this cartilage? [b]

Refer to Figure 2. Image B on this figure shows muscles used for breathing. Your patient is in the clinic for spirometry analysis. Their normal breathing is fine, but when they try to inhale deeply, they experience intense muscle pain. Which of the muscles in Image B might be injured on your patient? NAME the injured muscle: [a] Include the number for the muscle from the figure: [b]

Refer to Figure 5.  The model labeled A shows a cross section of the stomach. Numbers 1 through 3 indicate important structures needed for the healthy function of this organ.  NAME the structure that would be located at #1:  [a] Briefly EXPLAIN the function of this structure: [b]

Refer to Figure 2.  The model labeled A shows the lungs within the thoracic cavity. As you can see, this cavity is a tightly packed space with multiple blood vessels, airways, and the beginning of the digestive tract. Additionally, the lungs need to expand and contract without relying on dense fibrous connective tissue  or smooth muscle pulling on them.  Answer the following questions about the organs located in this space and the structures that impact their function. Each answer should be only 1-2 sentences or less.  1. The right lung has a larger volume but is often described as ‘shorter’; what makes the right lung shorter than the left? [a] 2. Acid reflux is also called ‘heart burn’; why would indigestion feel like pain in the heart? [b] 3. Fluid between two membranes helps expand and contract the lungs; what is the name of the membrane closest to the surface of the lungs? [c]