[1]  is all the changes that occur over the course of life-grow, develop, and mature. Research has provided several pieces of evidence that genetics plays a role in this process. In 1980, scientists found the first gene to affect the lifespan in C. elegans. This gene was [2] and was found to be involved in the insulin/IGF-1 (insulin growth factor-1) pathway. In 1993, a single gene mutation mutation in daf-2 in C. elegans [3] their lifespan. The daf-2 gene encodes for a receptor protein similar to the [4] receptor in humans. This pathway is a highly conserved evolutionary pathway that is now known to regulate aging, stress resistance, metabolism, and development. When studying aging [5] refers to the the actual amount of time a person has been alive, while [6] refers to how old a person seems, that takes lifestyle factors into consideration including diet, exercise , and sleeping habits, etc. 

A recent study from Penn State found that Period 1 plays two important roles in the brain, both to regulate the circadian clock and in memory formation. 

Which of the following is FALSE in regards to the regulatory processes for GMO’s in the US compared to the European Union (EU)? 

DNA methylation is a less accurate way to measure biological age than telomere length.

True or False. The “H” and “N” nomenclature used in naming influenza strains refers to two different viral proteins.

Almost all cancers that arise in somatic cells are a result of a series of mutations that accumulate in one cell.

If you were to be tested to determine your biological age relative to your chronological age would your biological age be older or younger than your chronological age?

Do you want to know your biological age? Why or why not?

A single gene mutation in the daf-2 gene in C. elegans resulted in:

Race can not be biologically defined due to the genetic variation among human individuals and populations. Which of the following was not a reason provided in class to support that race can not be biologically defined?