ESSAY: CORTISOL Explain the role of cortisol in the long-term stress response. Your response should demonstrate a clear understanding of the main role (or goal) played by cortisol in the long-term stress response, as well as a detailed and logical discussion of the specific targets of cortisol and the effects of cortisol on each of these targets.  (You should not include a description of the process leading to the secretion of cortisol.)

FILL-IN: Name ONE barrier (1st line of defense) that prevents pathogens from entering your body.

The cartilaginous gill arches of the early Agnathan fishes gave rise to which characteristic in the vertebrate lineage?

FILL-IN: Calcitonin is a hormone that lowers the amount of calcium in the blood, whereas parathyroid hormone increases the amount of calcium in the blood. These hormones are referred to as “____ hormones” because their effects are opposites of each other.  Spell carefully.

FILL-IN: Briefly explain the advantages of excreting nitrogenous waste in the form of urea rather than in its original form of ammonia.

A single card is drawn from a standard deck with 52 cards. What is the probability of getting a queen or a king?

Use the boxplot below to find the IQR (interquartile range).

In a math class there are 55 students, 40 of whom make an A on the test. If 4 students are selected, one at a time, at random, what is the probability that all made an A on the test?

Find both the number of combinations and the number of permutations for the given number of objects. 11 objects taken 5 at a time

A single card is drawn from a standard deck with 52 cards. What is the probability of getting a queen or a king?