A combining form that means kidney:

The term that means pertaining to under the tongue:

The small sac under the liver; stores bile

The suffix meaning one who:

A section of double-stranded DNA is shown below. It is part of a protein-coding gene. The top strand is the template. What would be the sequence of mRNA produced from this gene? 3′ A G T T C C A 5′ 5′ T C A A G G T 3′

Cells often need to turn on a set of genes together to activate a metabolic pathway that is needed – for example, to be able to break down lactose when glucose isn’t available, or synthesize a needed amino acid. How do prokaryotes (such as bacteria) typically express a set of genes together? [a] How do eukaryotes (such as humans) typically express a set of genes together? [b]

Extra credit (2 pts if answered correctly – I will add the points to your score) In eukaryotes (such as humans), two individuals can be born that are genetically identical, but they can end up with slightly different phenotypes from each other. How does epigenetics explain this?

Translation starts at the [a] and ends at the [b].

In Muppet Monsters, a gene controls whether an individual has horns or not. HH and Hh = no horns; hh = horns. Two Muppet Monster are heterozygous for horns. Their genotypes are [a] and their phenotypes are [c]. If these two heterozygous individuals have kids, the probability that their first child will NOT have horns is [b].

The pedigrees above show the inheritance of traits. Shaded individuals have the condition; unshaded individuals do not. Carriers, if any, are not indicated. Circles indicate XX individuals and squares indicate XY individuals. Pedigree [a] is what we would expect to see for an X-linked recessive condition. Pedigree [b] is what we would expect to see for an autosomal dominant condition. Pedigree [c] is what we would expect to see for a Y-linked condition.