A 24-year-old female presents to a Neurology clinic for evaluation of persistent headaches. Over the past several weeks, she has had a mild headache most days of the week, typically worse after a long day studying. She has also had difficulty focusing in school and occasionally feels fatigued and easily overwhelmed. PMH significant for motor vehicle accident last month for which she was hospitalized for two days. She drinks two alcoholic beverages each evening and does not use tobacco. Vital signs: BP 110/80, HR 94/min, RR 12/min, O2sat (room air) 98% T 98.2F. On physical exam, neurologic exam is without focal deficits. Which of the following interventions is the most appropriate next step in the management of this patient?

A 16-year-old previously healthy boy fell on a cemented surface while skateboarding 3 weeks ago, and he lost consciousness for 2 minutes. He was not wearing a helmet. A CT scan showed no abnormalities. He is now back at school and complains of difficulty concentrating in class, frequent spells of dizziness, and headaches. His neurologic exam is normal. What condition should you consider as the likely explanation for his symptoms?

A 68-year-old female presents to the Internal Medicine clinical for evaluation of recurrent syncopal episodes during the past several months. Which of the following conditions are included in the initial differential diagnosis of syncope?

A 42-year-old female is seen by you in the outpatient clinic to evaluate a tremor that has become more bothersome. She thinks it originally began as a mild tremor twelve years ago. It affects her hands more than her head. It usually occurs when she moves her extremities. She drinks one or two alcoholic beverages every day because alcohol seems to lessen the tremor. Her mother suffered from a similar disorder. Her neurological exam is essentially normal other than a tremor of the hands and head. Which of the following conditions is the most likely diagnosis for this patient?

Which of the following statements regarding diabetic peripheral neuropathy is TRUE?

A 15-year-old girl presents to the Emergency Department accompanied by her parents and reports a 3-day history of progressive weakness. She began feeling weak after walking home from school and attributed this to intermittent diarrhea for several days. She became very worried when she could not stand up after waking this morning and called for help. Physical exam reveals 1/5 strength in lower extremities, 3/5 in upper extremities, and diffuse decreased sensation to light touch and pin prick. Patellar and ankle reflexes are absent. Which of the following CSF findings would you expect after performing lumbar puncture?

Which of the following antiepileptic drugs is most commonly recommended as first-line treatment of childhood absence epilepsy (CAE)?

As a PA student during your Family Medicine rotation, you are asked to evaluate a 38-year-old patient who presents complaining of several recent intermittent episodes of sudden onset focal muscle jerking affecting her right lower extremity and then spreading to her right upper extremity. The episodes generally last for 30-60 seconds. The patient states that she has been fully conscious during each episode, and that she has never had prior similar symptoms. Based on this information, which of the following types of seizures is most likely occurring in this patient?

A 6-year-old boy presents to the pediatric Emergency Department for evaluation of lethargy, nausea, and vomiting. PMH is unremarkable. Physical examination is notable for papilledema and right-sided dysmetria (abnormal coordination of movements). An MRI brain with and without contrast demonstrates a cerebellar cystic mass, and pathology report indicates pilocystic astrocytoma (Grade 1). Based on your understanding of the grading system of astrocytoma tumors, which of the following statements is correct?

A 10-year-old boy is referred to you for being fidgety at school, though he achieves good grades. Prior medical history is unremarkable, and there has been no recent illness. Routine laboratory testing, including antistreptolysin O titer and throat culture, are normal. The father reports that he had a similar history as a child. While speaking with the patient, you notice that he clears his throat several times per minute. Examination is otherwise normal, except for the presence of brief, repetitive movements of the face, neck, and shoulders while at rest (e.g., facial grimacing, shoulder shrugging, eye blinking). Based on this information, which of the following conditions is the most likely diagnosis for this patient?