A 63-year-old with bipolar disorder and chronic kidney disease (eGFR 35) is stable on lithium. Which statement is MOST accurate regarding renal impairment?

A 26-year-old with OUD on buprenorphine reports continued cravings and intermittent opioid use. What is the BEST medication-management approach?

A patient is prescribed lorazepam for short-term management of acute anxiety. The PMHNP explains that benzodiazepines exert their anxiolytic effects through which mechanism?

A patient on lamotrigine develops a rash after a rapid dose increase. Which action is MOST appropriate?

A 70-year-old with dementia develops agitation. Which prescribing principle is MOST appropriate?

A 45-year-old man treated with high-potency typical antipsychotics develops rigidity, hyperthermia, autonomic instability, and elevated CK. What is the MOST likely diagnosis?

A 28-year-old woman on quetiapine for bipolar disorder complains of excessive daytime sedation and weight gain. She has no psychotic symptoms. Which antipsychotic is MOST appropriate as an alternative with lower sedation and metabolic risk?

A patient taking lithium reports nausea, diarrhea, and a coarse tremor. Which finding most strongly suggests lithium toxicity?

A pharmacogenomic test reveals a patient is a poor CYP2D6 metabolizer. He is taking a TCA. What is the MOST likely clinical implication?

A patient abruptly discontinues long-term clonazepam use. Which withdrawal symptom is most concerning?