You spend days wandering aimlessly around a park with many different paths that end at different parts of the park. One day when you arrive at the park, you get a call on your cell phone from your cousin whom you haven’t seen for years, and she says she is waiting for you in a particular section of the park. Even though the paths are complicated and twisted, you manage to find the shortest route to your cousin. Tolman would explain your efficient passage through the park as an example of __________.

__________ is an operant conditioning procedure in which successive approximations of a desired response are reinforced.

Mateo and Tomás are identical twins. Mateo was raised by his father and mother, and Tomás was accidentally placed with another family after a mix-up at the hospital. At the age of 15, the boys ran into each other at a football game and noticed that they appeared to be mirror images of each other. After genetic testing proved that they are twins, the families discussed some of the differences between the boys. Mateo is very athletic and intelligent and excels in basketball, but he does not take school seriously and has F’s in all subjects. Tomás is also athletic and intelligent and excels in baseball, and he makes straight A’s as a result of his strict home life and study routine. Although they are identical twins, what do you think accounts for the differences in the two boys’ academic performance based on the research?

Which of the following accurately describes the way in which monozygotic twins occur?

Eliza was born a female with only one X chromosome on the 23rd pair. As a result, she is very short, infertile, and sexually underdeveloped. Eliza is likely to be diagnosed with __________.

Suppose Gillian’s mental age is 20 and her chronological age is 10. What is her IQ?

You spend days wandering aimlessly around a park with many different paths that end at different parts of the park. One day when you arrive at the park, you get a call on your cell phone from your cousin whom you haven’t seen for years, and she says she is waiting for you in a particular section of the park. Even though the paths are complicated and twisted, you manage to find the shortest route to your cousin. Tolman would explain your efficient passage through the park as an example of __________.

In one study, more than 2,500 photographs were shown to participants, one every 10 seconds. Participants were then shown pairs of photographs in which one member of each pair was one of the previously seen photographs. Accuracy for identifying the previously seen photos was __________.

Which research extended the theory of Cattell and Horn by proposing a three-tiered hierarchical model of cognitive abilities that fit neatly with the concepts of crystallized and fluid intelligence?

Forgetting in long-term memory is most likely due to __________.