According to the concept of __________, memories are literally “built” from the pieces stored away at encoding.

Daniel is trying to teach his daughter, Mollie, to bake a cake by watching him. According to observational learning theory, to be effective what must occur?

In the process of shaping, behaviors are ordered in terms of increasing similarity to the desired response. These behaviors are called __________.

Reinforcement is to punishment as __________.

__________ is the tendency for older or previously learned material to interfere with the retrieval of newer, more recently learned material.

Human beings generally have an aversion to bitter and sour foods. Some researchers suggest that this is because foods that are inedible or even poisonous are often bitter or sour. The tendency of human beings to find these potentially harmful foods repulsive is an example of __________.

A gene that only influences the expression of a trait when paired with another less active gene is called __________.

According to primacy and recency effects, when reading the chapters of a textbook, you are most likely to forget the information __________.

A behavioral psychologist tries to train a bird to climb a tree to get a reward of a piece of fruit. At first, the bird learns how to climb the tree with its legs and beak. After a while, it starts flapping its wings and hopping around before it starts to climb. Eventually, the bird flies up to the piece of fruit, even though that prevents it from getting the fruit. According to the Brelands’ analysis of biological constraints, the bird is demonstrating __________.

Memories for both general facts and personal information are called __________ memories.