The military leader who conquered Persia and Egypt during the Late Classical period was named ________.​

What Islamic denomination believes all caliphs must be descended from Ali (Muhammad’s son-in-law)?​

Which Roman emperor wrote a philosophical text called Meditations?​

What is the meaning of the word “Islam”?​

In medieval thought, which word refers to intellectual techniques involving rigorous reasoning to arrive at logical conclusions?​

What descriptive name has been given to the Athenian civilization of the last half of the 5th century BCE?​

Which prestigious universities were founded over 800 years ago?​

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of Gothic cathedrals?​

What was the Divine Office?​

What building in Jerusalem is one of the earliest and most spectacular achievements of Islamic architecture?​