Questions 28-29 refer to the passage below. “The storm has died away, and still we are restless, uneasy, as if the storm were about to break. Almost all the affairs of men remain in a terrible uncertainty. We think of what has disappeared, and we are almost destroyed by what has been destroyed; we do not know what will be born, and we fear the future, not without reason….Doubt and disorder are in us and with us. There is no thinking man, however shrewd or learned he may be, who can hope to dominate this anxiety, to escape from this impression of darkness… But among all these injured things is the mind. The Mind has indeed been cruelly wounded; its complaint has been heard in the hearts of intellectual man. It passes a mournful judgment on itself. It doubts itself profoundly.”  Paul Valery, speech at the University of Zurich, 1922 29.  The views expressed in the passage led to the development of

Questions 35-36 refer to the passage below. “I came reluctantly to the conclusion that the British connection had made India more helpless than she ever was before, politically and economically. A disarmed India has no power of resistance against any aggressor if she wanted to engage, in an armed conflict with him. So much is this the case that some of our best men consider that India must take generations, before she can achieve Dominion Status. She has become so poor that she has little power of resisting famines. Before the British advent India spun and wove in her millions of cottages, just the supplement she needed for adding to her meagre agricultural resources. This cottage industry, so vital for India’s existence, has been ruined by incredibly heartless and inhuman processes as described by English witness. Little do town dwellers how the semi-starved masses of India are slowly sinking to lifelessness. Little do they know that their miserable comfort represents the brokerage they get for their work they do for the foreign exploiter, that the profits and the brokerage are sucked from the masses. Little do realize that the Government established by law in British India is carried on for this exploitation of the masses. No sophistry, no jugglery in figures, can explain away the evidence that the skeletons in many villages present to the naked eye. I have no doubt whatsoever that both England and the town dweller of India will have to answer, if there is a God above, for this crime against humanity, which is perhaps unequalled in history.” Mahatma Gandhi, statement after his guilty verdict for sedition, March 18, 1922   36.  Which of the following was a result of movements such as the one described in the passage?

Questions 30-32 refer to the 1932 German political poster below.     Translation: “Work and Food, Vote List 1”             32. Which of the following policies would the creators of the poster most likely support?

Questions 46-47 refer to the following two charts, showing economic data for England from 1500 to the present.    46.  Which of the following was the most direct cause of the change in typical working hours between 1500-1750?

Questions 14-16 refer to the song below. “Father Stalin, look at thisCollective farming is just blissThe hut’s in ruins, the barn’s all saggedAll the horses broken nagsAnd on the hut a hammer and sickleAnd in the hut death and famineNo cows left, no pigs at allJust your picture on the wallDaddy and mommy are in the kolkhoz*The poor child cries as alone he goesThere’s no bread and there’s no fatThe Party’s ended all of thatThe Party man he beats and stampsAnd sends us to Siberian camps.” *collective farm Ukrainian underground protest song, 1930s 16.  Sending people to Siberian camps was part of which of the following?

Questions 7-10  refer to the passage below. “As soon as their preparations were complete, they encouraged a subservient ally to declare war against Serbia at forty-eight hours’ notice, knowing full well that a conflict involving the control of the Balkans could not be localized and almost certainly meant a general war.  In order to make doubly sure, they refused every attempt at conciliation and conference until it was too late, and the world war was inevitable for which they had plotted, and for which alone among the nations they were fully equipped and prepared. Germany’s responsibility, however, is not confined to having planned and started the war.  She is no less responsible for the savage and inhuman manner in which it was conducted.  Though Germany was herself a guarantor of Belgium, the ruler of Germany violated, after a solemn promise to respect it, the neutrality of this unoffending people.  Not content with this, they deliberately carried out a series of promiscuous shootings and burnings with the sole object of terrifying the inhabitants into submission by the very frightfulness of their action. They were the first to use poisonous gas, notwithstanding the appalling suffering it entailed.  They began the bombing and long distance shelling of towns for no military object, but solely for the purpose of reducing the morale of their opponents by striking at their women and children.  They commenced the submarine campaign with its piratical challenge to international law, and its destruction of great numbers of innocent passengers and sailors, in mid-ocean, far from succour, at the mercy of the winds and the waves, and the yet more ruthless submarine crews.” — Georges Clemenceau, Letter of Reply to the Objections of the German Peace Delegation regarding the Versailles settlement, May 1919   7.  The ideas expressed in the passage were most directly challenged by which of the following?

Areas near a large body of water tend to have cooler summers and warmer winters than inland areas that are far from any body of water. This is because water has a

When an object that is thrown straight upwards reaches its highest point,

Questions 40-43 refer to the passage below. “We are motivated by the ideas of the 1917 October Revolution, the ideas of Lenin, the interests of the Soviet people. Moving from suspicion and hostility to confidence, from a “balance of fear” to a balance of reason and goodwill, from narrow nationalist egoism to cooperation—this is what we are urging. And if the Russian word “perestroika” has easily entered the international lexicon, this is due to more than just interest in what is going on in the Soviet Union… We want freedom to reign supreme in the coming century everywhere in the world.” Mikhail Gorbachev, Perestroika, 1987 43.  Gorbachev’s acceptance of some western ideas was most similar to which of the following Russian leaders?

A circuit breaker is designed to prevent