Legislatures establish the penal codes that set forth the sentences that judges may impose. ​

​Like other social institutions, corrections reflects the vision and concern of the larger community.

​Like all other government services, corrections is constantly confronted by frequently shifting _____________ forces that further complicate administration.

​According to the text, certain types of legal sanctions, in the form we are familiar with today, emerged during the:

 _______________________ is an instrument developed for judges that indicates the usual sanctions given previously for particular offenses.​

​_____________________ is a system of government in which power and responsibility are divided between a national government and state governments. 

​Political liberals and     encouraged reform of the prison system during the Enlightenment period.

​The term wergild focuses on which of the following?

In the famous United States v. Booker decision, the Supreme Court found that sentencing guidelines were:​

​The purpose of punishment as a public spectacle was: