Spleen cells are taken from a mouse immunized with the LCM virus.  2 assays are used to determine antigen-specific functional activity of the spleen cells.   Assay 1: the spleen cells (T cells) are incubated with macrophages that have been briefly exposed to LCM virus (phagocytized the virus), production of IL-2 by the T cells is considered a positive response. Assay 2: the spleen cells are incubated with LCM-infected target cells, lysis of the infected target cells is considered a positive response. The functional activity of which MHC molecules is detected in Assay 2?

Name and describe a primary immunodeficiency. 

Class I MHC are expressed by __________________________ cells, whereas Class II MHC are only expressed by ____________________ cells.

What are 3 things that can cause malignant transformations in cancer?

Essay Question (must enter in complete sentences and give at least one full paragraph). Explain what happens with both the innate and adaptive immune response when a bacteria enters into a cut in the skin and causes infection.   Include in your response what immune cells the bacteria might encounter, how it is presented to the adaptive immune system, etc.   

Below is a representation of an acid in water.  Which of the following statements is/are correct about the following image: The percent ionization of the acid would be 100% The acid could be chloric acid The acid could be acetic acid

What is the oxidation number of bromine in the compound shown below?

A saturated solution of metal (II) hydroxide, M(OH)2, has a [OH-]=1.24 x 10-2 Determine the value of the Ksp for M(OH)2.

Use the graph below to answer the following questions:     What type of titration does the graph represent? 1. Strong acid/strong base titration 2. Weak acid/strong base titration 3. Weak base/strong acid titration What is the pKa? 4. 5.6 5. 9.9 6. 1.70 What is the identity of the original acid or base before titration? 7. HCl 8. NaOH 9. Ethylene diamine 10. Benzoic acid

Use the information below to predict the characteristics of an equilibrium reaction 2A (aq) + 2Z (aq) ⇌ 2AZ (aq)        ΔG0 = -11.5 kJ/mol The value of the equilibrium constant for the reaction will be 1. 1.04 x 102 2. 9.64 x 10-3 3. 4.38 x 104 Which indicates that 4. The reaction is spontaneous in the forward direction 5. The reaction is spontaneous in the reverse direction And therefore 6. The concentration of reactants will be higher than concentration of products at equilibrium 7. The concentration of products will be higher than the concentration of reactants at equilibrium