A 22-year-old woman presents for psychiatric follow-up. During the visit, she begins to reveal what appear to be distinct personalities. Identities appear to repeatedly take control of the patient’s behavior and affect. You know she is an incest survivor. She denies any drug or alcohol use. You have tentatively diagnosed her with a post-traumatic stress disorder, but what other condition might she have?

A 28-year-old medical student presents to the student health center with the complaint being unable to sleep. Although he is a very successful student, over the past few months he has become increasingly preoccupied with failing. The patient states that he wakes up 10-15 times per night to check his textbooks for factual recall. He has tried unsuccessfully to suppress these thoughts and actions, and he has become extremely anxious and sleep-deprived. He has no past medical history and family history is significant for a parent with Tourette’s syndrome. He is started on cognitive behavioral therapy. He is also started on a first-line medication for his disorder, but after eight weeks of use, it is still ineffective.  Which of the following medications, if added to his current regimen, may help improve his symptoms?

A 35-year-old male patient presents with excessive daytime sleepiness for 6 months. He reports occasional episodes of sudden sleepiness occurring at any time without warning. Over the past 6 months, on at least 8 occasions, he has suddenly fallen on the floor without losing wakefulness; these episodes usually occur after fits of laughter. Multiple sleep latency tests reveal a mean sleep-onset latency of 7 minutes and 3 sleep-onset random eye movement episodes during the naps. Based on the most likely diagnosis, pharmacotherapy is initiated and daytime sleepiness improves, but he still has episodes where he loses muscle control and collapses after highly emotional events. What additional treatment is most likely to be helpful?

A 21-year-old woman is markedly thin, and she describes being worried she is going to fail her college finals and not graduate. She presents because she cannot eat or sleep; she feels like she would be better off dead. She was doing well in classes until after a spring break trip to Europe. When queried about previous psychiatric treatment, she tells you that she went “a little nuts” when she was a freshman; it was her first semester and the first time she had lived so far from home. She stayed up for a week trying to write a novel, and during that time she bought two computers and a whole new wardrobe with her father’s credit card. What is the most likely diagnosis?

A 7-year-old boy presents because he is fidgety, impulsive, and unable to sit still. The patient is observed running around. There is no evidence of any hallucinations or delusions. The mother notes that the child speaks excessively and loudly, makes simple arithmetic errors, and has short-term memory deficiencies. He finds it difficult to wait in lines or wait his turn in games or group situations. What is correct regarding this patient’s condition?

A  14-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department with minor burns on his hand after he lit the shed behind the house on fire. His minor burns are cleaned and dressed with antibiotic ointment and gauze. During the treatment, his parents state that the boy has lit fires before and that they are worried because the fires are becoming increasingly destructive. When asked about this, the boy says that he loves the feeling of starting a fire and is aroused by seeing flames consume the objects. He says that he has no desire to hurt anyone and says that he doesn’t see why what he did was wrong because he removed all the valuable objects from the shed before he set it on fire. Which of the following is the most likely diagnosis?

An 18-year-old woman has been afraid of dogs ever since she was bitten as a child. You begin therapy by having the client do relaxation exercises while looking at the word “dog.” Once the client is comfortable with this process, you have her do relaxation exercises while looking at a picture of a dog. The next step is to have the client do relaxation exercises while watching a dog from a distance. You then have the client do deep breathing exercises while sitting in the same room as a small dog. The final step is to have the client sit in the same room as a big dog while performing deep breathing exercises. What type of therapy are you using with the client?

A 25-year-old man states that he feels sad and lonely all the time. He rarely speaks with his parents, because he feels that they do not understand him or care about him as much as they do his siblings. Although he went to college for a while, he never seemed able to settle on a major. He has a poor work history, and he frequently changes careers. Further, he complains that all of his romantic relationships seem to fail. He says his relationships always start out great, but after a few weeks, things always change. His girlfriends always pull away from him, and they stop respecting his needs. He often tells his girlfriends that if they leave him, he will kill himself. These threats are frequently followed by intense displays of anger. He has been hospitalized 1 time for overdosing on medication and 2 times for superficial cuts to his arm. What is the most likely diagnosis for this patient?

A 15-year-old girl has been dieting for 6 months and has lost over 30 pounds. She tells you that she still feels fat. She is afraid to eat for fear of becoming obese. Her last menstrual period was 3 months ago. On physical exam, the patient is cachectic and slightly pale. Her heart rate is 50 beats/minute, her blood pressure is 90/60 mm Hg, and her temperature is 95.5°F. Her weight is 92 lb and her height is 5’6″. What laboratory test result is most likely present?

A 16-year-old slightly overweight girl presents because she wants to lose weight. She read online that drugs for Attention Deficit Disorder can help with weight loss. She is unsure of the name of the drug she read about but wonders if she can use them as diet pills instead. She is told to avoid them because they can become habit-forming and their effectiveness is short-lived. What is the mechanism of action of the drug she is referring to?