Which of the following low molecular weight proteins can be tested for to determine tubular damage?

Which of the following reults are most often associated with end stage renal disease? Select all that apply.

Which of the following conditions promotes the formation of renal calculi?

Which of the following elevated laboratory results is most often associtaed with acute glomerulonephritis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes?

History: A 25-year-old pregnant woman comes to the ED with symptoms of lower back pain, urinary frequency, and a burning sensation when voiding.  Her pregnancy has been normal up to this point.  She is given a sterile container and asked to collect a mid-stream clean catch urine specimen.  Routine urinalysis results are as follows. Exam 1(2).jpg What is the most probable diagnosis for this patient?

Chronic pyelonephritis is the direct result of congenital condition, Vesicoureteral Reflux which portion of the kidney is being impacted by this condition?   

Which of the following microscopic structures will differentiate an upper urinary tract infection from a lower urinary tract infection?

What is happening in neutralization when an antibody interacts with an antigen?

Animals that participate in the life cycle of pathogens and transmit pathogens from one host to another are called:

An insect that transmits a pathogen from one host to another is a: