One way to help identify individuals who possess ESI that may be relevant to a legal matter is to:

When using keyword search terms to identify ESI for processing, it is not necessary to test or refine search terms. 

Data mapping is the process of creating a list of the IT and data storage systems within an organization. 

A “hash value” is a numerical value assigned to a native file based on the unique contents and properties of that file and it functions as the digital fingerprint of that file.

It is necessary to implement a litigation hold:

Litigation generally begins when:

When searching for potentially privileged documents, which of the following will yield attorney-client privileged communications?

When preparing for a document review it is essential to formulate a strategy for the review and develop a plan for executing on that strategy. 

When preparing for a document review it is essential to formulate a strategy for the review and develop a plan for executing on that strategy. 

The federal rules of civil procedure or equivalent state civil procedure rules govern the procedures for discovery.