​Young people who live in poverty and disadvantage may develop what has been called “____________,” which includes a greater willingness to commit violence.

​Presentences investigation reports must always be carried out by probation officers who work for the judicial branch of the government.

The latest attempt to impose capital punishment in a way that does not offend modern cultural sensibilities is:​

For health and safety concerns, crowded living conditions in correctional facilities cannot be tolerated.​

​The crime rate today is about what it was in:

Researchers argue that using technical violations as a crime prevention strategy does not make a meaningful difference in the criminal activity of released prisoners.​

According to opponents of capital punishment, there is no evidence the death penalty deters violent crime.​

​The law enforcer role of probation focuses on surveillance and control of the offender.

​Judicial reprieve in the United States:

​Replacing decrepit facilities is cost effective.