Concrete can crack due to imposed deformations, such as differential settlement, shrinkage, and temperature differentials.

Determine the casting-position modification factor, ψt, for a rectangular beam with b = 16 in. and d = 20 in., three galvanized No. 9 Grade 60 tension-reinforcement bars placed in the top of the beam, and No. 4 Grade 40 stirrups located every 10 in. along the span. Assume 8,000-psi lightweight concrete and a clear cover of 2 in.

In order for a reinforced concrete beam to function properly (concrete resisting compression, steel resisting tension), a bond must exist between the concrete and the reinforcement.

Concrete covers in excess of _____ in. may be required for durability, for fire resistance, or in members such as footings.

If a hooked anchorage exceeds its limits, it tends to fail by _______.

A simply supported beam with dimensions of b = 14 in., h = 26 in., d = 23.5 in., and L = 24 ft supports a uniform service (unfactored) dead load of 1.679167 kips/ft including its own self weight plus a uniform service (unfactored) live load of 1.4 kips/ft. The concrete is normal-weight concrete. The beam is reinforced with 5 No. 5 bars. The concrete strength is 10,000 psi, and the yield strength of the reinforcement is 60,000 psi. Determine the maximum applied bending moment due to the combined service loads (dead plus live), Ma.      

A beam is singly reinforced with the reinforcement in two rows. The bottom row contains 8 No. 7 bars at a depth of 24 in. The top row contains 6 No. 6 bars at a depth of 20 in. Determine the effective (centroidal) depth, d, of the steel.

A rectangular beam has a cross section of b = 18 in., h = 22 in., and d = 19.5 in. It is reinforced with two No. 7 Grade 60 bars. The concrete strength is 10,000 psi (normal weight). The beam has Grade 60 No. 3 stirrups. Determine the cracked moment of inertia, Icr. The neutral axis location of the cracked beam (measured from the top of the beam) is 3.3136 in.

What is the purpose of using hooks as anchorage?

A simply supported beam with dimensions of b = 16 in., h = 28 in., d = 25.5 in., and L = 25 ft supports a uniform service (unfactored) dead load of 1.566667 kips/ft including its own self weight plus a uniform service (unfactored) live load of 0.9 kips/ft. The beam is reinforced with three No. 8 Grade 60 bars. The concrete strength is 9,400 psi (normal weight). The beam has Grade 60 No. 3 stirrups. Using the effective moment of inertia, determine the immediate mid-span deflection of the beam due to the combined service loads (dead plus live).The effective moment of inertia Ie = 12,512 in.4.