Cristina usually does not need a lighter, but her daughter just gave her a lovely, scented candle for her birthday. Now, Cristina goes to the store to buy a lighter. This is an example of a(n):

Whenever Alyssa rode her bike past her friend’s house after school, her friend’s mother, Melody, always greeted her with freshly baked pie. When Melody became busy remodeling her home, she stopped meeting Alyssa outside with pie. Alyssa no longer rides her bike by her friend’s house. This is an example of:

The bright sun glared directly into Leonard’s eyes as he looked at the lake, and his pupils constricted. Now, his pupils constrict when he looks out towards the lake, even on a cloudy day. This is an example of a(n):            

A test was placed on a desk in front of Mohammed. This is an example of a:

Jimmy’s dad usually grounds Jimmy whenever he gets into trouble. If he gets in trouble, he has to stay in his room and cannot talk to friends or go out. Jimmy and his friends like to listen to rock music, and sometimes, they smoke cigarettes, even though they are underage. Jimmy sees Natalie, who does not smoke, standing next to Marlon, who does. Jimmy asks Marlon for a cigarette. They smoke as they walk toward Jimmy’s house, talking about the concert they want to attend this weekend. Jimmy sees his dad outside mowing the front lawn and quickly flicks his cigarette to the ground.  Which of the following functions as an SDP in this scenario?

When Jose tells a joke sometimes people laugh, sometimes they change the subject, and sometimes they provide disapproving feedback. This is an example of a:

Henry is a BCBA attending a client session. He notices that the client, Samra, has not shown progress for voiding on the toilet in two weeks of a toileting schedule. Henry decides to pause the current schedule target, conduct an updated preference assessment, collect a new baseline time for the schedule, and choose a new target time for starting the new schedule. Which of the seven dimensions of behavior analysis does this scenario demonstrate?

Trent is sunbathing at the beach when he suddenly needs to use the restroom. He sees a nice-looking restroom near the boardwalk, but it is across the burning hot sand, and his brother took his sandals. He looks in the other direction and sees a smelly port-o-potty that takes a short walk in the grass to reach. Trent’s feet are still tender from walking on the hot sand earlier, so he walks the shorter distance across the grass to the port-a-potty and relieves himself there. Which of the following is functioning as an SDP in this scenario?

A child cries at bedtime and no longer is comforted by a parent. As a result, the child cries at bedtime less frequently in the following weeks. This is an example of a(n):

Fred typically loves earning peanuts for completing assignments. Yesterday, however, Fred got braces. His teeth are throbbing, and he immediately stops completing his assignments for peanuts. What is the value-altering effect?