Generally speaking, it may be more difficult to make an antiviral drug against which of the following virus types without damaging the host, because this type of virus may be able to replicate using only host cell “machinery” (polymerases, ribosomes, amino acids, nucleotides, etc.)?

With which structure(s) does the tubercle of rib 6 articulate?

Presynaptic sympathetic fibers either pass through or synapse at ganglia located within which of the following structures?

Which of the following cranial nerves pass through the superior orbital fissure?

Cholera is caused by the bacterium Vibrio cholerae. Most strains of V. cholerae are harmless, but those that produce ctx toxin cause cholera. Researchers performed experiments to determine how the highly pathogenic strain of V. cholerae acquired the ctx toxin gene. Experimental procedure: Step 1:  The pathogenic strain of V. cholerae bacteria were passed through a very fine filter (0.2µm). They found that the bacteria-free fluid left behind, the filtrate, could still transfer the ctx toxin gene to a non-pathogenic strain of V. cholerae cells.  Step 2: The filtrate was then treated with DNase, an enzyme that degrades DNA that is not surrounded by protein. The DNase-treated filtrate was still able to transfer the ctx toxin gene to the previously non-pathogenic strain.  These results proved that the ctx gene was transferred from the highly pathogenic strain of V. cholerae to the non-pathogenic strain by which of the following methods?  (HINT:  Consider your responses to the previous question to help you determine this answer.)

Identify the muscle labeled “F” in the figure below.

The abducens nerve provides innervation to which of the following muscles?

Identify the nucleic acid strand on which each of the following is located AND is functional.  (The nucleic acid strand on which that sequence performs the function identified in the answers to the previous question.)

The diagram below represents the process of [x] in which [y] serves as the template and [z] is the resulting “product.” 3′ CCTACGGA 5′  — > 5′  GGATGCCT 3′

A positive sense single-stranded RNA virus employs which of the following in its replication?  (Choose all correct answers.)