Compare and contrast blood circulation (from the heart to the gills, to the body, and back to the heart) between typical bony fishes and a tuna. Be sure to detail the structures that make circulation unique in tunas, as well as the implications of heterothermy for their ecology.

Several different fish organ systems contain a rete mirabile. Briefly describe what a rete mirabile is as well as a system in fishes that employs one. 

Tunas have been described as the perfect swimming machines. Briefly describe five characters of tunas that justify this designation.

According to Cicero, the political conflicts surrounding the tribunate of Tiberius Gracchus “divided one people into two factions” (On the Republic, 1.19). These two factions are the optimates and populares. To whose authority did the optimates appeal for support?

Testosterone binds to its receptor and affects gene expression in the nucleus. Which of the following would best describe testosterone?

You treat a plant with a chemical that destroys all of the plant’s mesophyll. As a result, the plant can no longer produce _________.

Proteases break down small proteins in the small intestine into amino acids. Which of the following in the diagram below would represent a protease?  

In order for aerobic cellular respiration to proceed, what must be present?

Which of the following is not found in the grana of chloroplasts?

Where are the ATP and NADPH molecules located once they are synthesized?