A researcher comparing depression scores before and after treatment in one group of clients, is using a(n) ____.

The direction of a relationship between variables is indicated by the ____.

In a distribution with a mean of M = 36 and a standard deviation of SD = 8, a score of 40 would be considered an extreme value.

Counting how many times a child exhibits disruptive behavior during a 30-minute observation period is an example of measuring behavior using the duration method.

Holding a participant characteristic (such as age or gender) constant strengthens ____ and weakens ____.

One responsibility of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) is to ensure that ____.

The Pearson correlation is used when both scores are _____.

Recording how many hours a week your roommate spends studying involves using the ____ method, while simply recording whether or not your roommate studies in a week involves using the ____ method.

In a scatter plot, each ____.

A political scientist uses a survey to determine whether college students’ sleeping habits are related to their grade point averages. This researcher is using the descriptive survey research design.