depressive symptoms that last 2 years or more.

social expectations that people will help those who depend on them.

psychological disorders have physical causes that can be diagnosed and treated.

speak more loudly than the other members of the group.”

mutual diabolical images that enemies have of each other.

a reservoir of mostly unacceptable thoughts

responding to perceived threats with anger.”

They view their contributions as indispensable.

She can make the participants think she is unsure of her role as an authority figure.

excitement versus boredom; interest versus aloof”