You know that following the administration of methylene blue, your healthy patient’s pulse oximeter reading could experience which event?

Your patient’s history is significant for congestive heart failure and atrial fibrillation. Today the patient is stable and saw her cardiologist two days ago for a clearance for surgery and anesthesia. The EKG demonstrates abnormal Q waves. The findings suggest:

What does the AV node do to the action potential as it progresses toward the ventricle?

Which choice below represents the sequence of structures that a spinal needle will pass through in order to place local anesthetic properly?

What is the first action you should take if the oxygen saturation decreases from 98% to 90% 15minutes into surgery?

During the placement of your spinal needle, the patient complains of a short, sharp electric shock down their left leg. What should you do first?

A 77 yo patient with severe coronary artery disease presents for an emergency bowel resection. The patient weighs 73 kg. His initial hemoglobin is 12 and th ehematocrit is 35. We will allow him to lose ___________cc’s of blood. (Enter as a whole number)

Case 1 (Questions 11-13) Suppose a team of researchers conducts a case-control study on the association between hypertension and stroke among adults aged 50 and older in Florida. For this study, the researchers selected Floridian adults aged 50 and older who experienced a stroke as the cases. As controls, the researchers selected Floridian adults aged 50 or older who did not experience a stroke. To assess each participant’s exposure status, the researchers asked the participants to fill out a questionnaire in which the participants were asked to retrospectively report if they have had hypertension in the past. When is the measurement error in hypertension in case 1 differential? (max. 4 points)

Case 1 (Questions 11-13) Suppose a team of researchers conducts a case-control study on the association between hypertension and stroke among adults aged 50 and older in Florida. For this study, the researchers selected Floridian adults aged 50 and older who experienced a stroke as the cases. As controls, the researchers selected Floridian adults aged 50 or older who did not experience a stroke. To assess each participant’s exposure status, the researchers asked the participants to fill out a questionnaire in which the participants were asked to retrospectively report if they have had hypertension in the past.   What strategy could be used to minimize error in the measurement of hypertension in case 1? (max. 4 points)

Suppose a team of researchers studied the association between arsenic exposure and skin cancer using a case-control study. The researchers were interested in studying smoking as an effect modifier of the association between arsenic exposure and skin cancer. To determine if smoking is an effect modifier, the researchers compared the observed joint exposure odds ratio to the expected joint exposure odds ratio. The observed joint exposure odds ratio was 2.37 and the expected joint exposure odds ratio was 1.93.    What is the correct conclusion based on the available information presented above?