​The dominant social institution during the Middle Ages in England and Europe was:

​According to the authors, which of the following is NOT one of the major sentencing structures currently used in the United States?

​Eastern State Penitentiary was designed by:

Probationary sentences emphasize guidance and         in the community.​

​Social and political values greatly influence correctional thought and practices.

​Systems learn, grow, and improve according to what?

​By the mid-1800s, reformers became disillusioned with the _____________ since rehabilitation or deterrence was not being realized.

Methods of dealing with prison crowding include:​

​In regard to the convict lease system, prisoners were:

​According to the _____________________ model of corrections, criminals can be controlled appropriately through more direct use of incarceration and other forms of strict supervision.