Non-ionizing radiation can disinfect by causing ___.

______________ are comprised on microtubules and facilitate bacterial phototaxis or chemotaxis.

Paralytic shellfish syndrome can cause ___ due to saxitoxin, a potent neurotoxin. 

Which is false regarding Group D bacteria?

Koch’s postulates are used to determine whether an infectious agent causes a specific disease. Correctly order the postulates below. 

The C carbohydrate protein of Streptococcus pyogenes:

What is true about exotoxins? (select all that apply)

Escherichia coli bacterium doubles every 30 minutes and you have a starting inoculum of 500 colony forming units (CFU). How many colony forming units (CFU) will be present after 2 hours?

An organism that can exist in both oxygen and oxygen-less environments because oxygen is not required for metabolism is best described as an ___.

Which is true about bacterial conjugation?