​Which of the following is NOT a common characteristic of America’s current jail population?

The role orientation in which inmates cut themselves off from society and attempt to construct a new life within the prison is called:

​The most pressing medical problem in jails is the problem of AIDS and HIV.

Race is a sociological concept used to distinguish people by their cultural characteristics.​

The growth of the penal system tends to be random in nature and scope.​

Correctional officers have total power over inmates.​

​Racial disparities become racial ___________ if people who are otherwise similar in their criminality are treated differently by the criminal justice system because of their race.

Which of the following is not a union for correctional officers today?​

Most correctional employees receive equal pay raises regardless of performance.​

​_________ offenders are more likely to seek solitude.