The alternate-section provision was designed to    a.  allow the government to share in increased land values resulting from railroad building.   b.  encourage private businesses to locate along railroad routes.   c.  discourage farmers from cultivating crops near railroad routes.   d.  make railroad stations more accessible to families.

Introduction to Ethics Essay Exam First part: Definitions of the Sources of Moral Value (25 points) Give precise definition of (5 points each) Ethical Relativism Ethical Egoism Objectivism Situationalism Fundamentalism   Second part: Essay (75 points) Write an essay in response to the following prompt using each of the definitions provided in the “First part” above. Think thoroughly through the relative advantages, disadvantages, and challenges that each viewpoint might face as they consider the scenario. Just as Plato did through his characters in The Republic, please imagine the viewpoints defined as real human beings engaged in the project of devising the most just society that would be consistent with their beliefs. You need to think about what understanding of “human nature” must be involved in the viewpoint each of these people have. In some cases, by virtue of the view itself, the society they imagine might need to encourage and enhance human nature or it might need to discourage and diminish human nature. Note this and explain why you think so as you move along in the paper. In the end, you may find yourself leaning towards acceptance of one view over the others or you may not, instead seeing some relative advantages to each view. The essay should be of sufficient length to demonstrate your understanding of the viewpoints. Note: this is not about your opinion. It is about what the definition guides you to see must be the viewpoint relative to creating a just society.

In U.S. v. Addyston Pipe and Steel Company (1898), the Supreme Court ruled that   a.  horizontal mergers were a violation of the Sherman Act.   b.  vertical mergers were a violation of the Sherman Act.   c.  collusive agreements among competing firms were a violation of the Sherman Act.   d.  mergers that created “corporate monoliths” were a violation of the Sherman Act.

The sharp decline in domestic freight costs during the antebellum period was primarily due to the introduction of   a.  railroads.   b.  paved roads.   c.  clipper ships.   d.  canals and steamboats.

Which of the following phrases does not describe an essential characteristic of a factory?   a.  produces a standardized product to be sold in a wide market   b.  relies on stocks and bonds in order to finance plants and machinery   c.  assemble workers under a definite organizational discipline   d.  carries out complex operations in one building or in adjacent buildings

All of these are true about Dutch flyboats compared to English and colonial vessels EXCEPT,     a.  they were heavier   b.  required small crews.   c.  carried fewer armaments.   d.  cheaper to build and operate.

During the Civil War, __________ fell in the North.   a.  nominal wages   b.  real wages   c.  prices   d. inflation

The Confederacy’s primary mechanism for generating revenue during the Civil War was to:   a.  Raise taxes.   b.  Increase trade and gain more money from exports.   c.  Borrow more money.   d.  Print more money.

The South’s transportation problem was primarily due to   a.  a shortage of mules and horses.   b.  a limited rail network.   c.  a shortage of inland shipping.   d.  the lack of a merchant marine.

For the U.S., the Revolutionary War (1775-1781) period could best described as having a rapid growth in:    a.  Trade   b.  Inflation.   c.  Real per capita income.    d.  Slave imports.