The following scenarios are excerpted from some hypothetical research methodologies. Select from each of provided options ONE basic ethical principle that was not upheld  11.1  In one study involving minors, the mothers were not aware of the purpose and the duration of the study. They agreed to participate because they were afraid that if they declined to participate their access to care would be affected

The following 2×2 table contains data from a hypothetical study in which the researchers conducted a review of employee medical records to collect data to investigate the association of exposure to silica dust and development of lung cancer among the currently employees and those who had exited employment. Consider it carefully and answer the questions that follow.   Working with silica dustLung cancerTotal   YesNo  Yes10050150   No3070100    130120250  1.1 Which of the following designs was this most likely to be?   

1.4 What is the total number of employees that were exposed?   

11.5 In a study involving the villagers, the researchers offered the king an amount of R10, 000 whilst seeking permission to conduct the study in the area

A scheme developed by Whit Diffie, Martin Hellman, and Ralph Merkle is commonly called “Diffie‑Hellman”. What does this scheme directly enable? 

See the previous question. Describe in words the inverse of the operation performed above.

See the previous question. Explain what Charlie would attempt to do to perform this type of attack.  Your answer must be specific to the scenario described. 

An organization has a large amount of ciphertext that was encrypted long ago using DES.  The organization is now using the Triple DES Encryption Algorithm (TDEA). An employee has access to some DES ciphertext and the key used to encrypt it.  What is the best way for the employee to decrypt this ciphertext?

Suppose that a hacker is able to log into the administrative account for a webserver and change the configuration so that it does not accept incoming connections.  The hacker’s actions are an attack on the of the webserver.  Hint: The answer is the name of a cybersecurity service. 

Alice generates a pseudorandom key and uses it with a symmetric cipher scheme to encrypt a message for Bob.  Explain what she should do to send the key to Bob over an insecure communications channel (e.g. the Internet).