What must be done in an experiment in order to prove cause and effect?  

For the following example, select the type of bias that is being described in the data. (There is only one correct answer.) A politician wants to know what percent of people in her state agree with her opinion on health care reform. She hires a statistics company to take a random sample of individual people in her state and collect data. She tells the company to ask the following question: “Would you be willing to vote for my health care plan?” When she received the data, she decided not to count the “no” answers since the voters obviously did not understand how good the plan is.

Match the term to the following definition. When every single person or object in the population has an equal chance of being selected to be in the sample data. 

For the following example, select the type of bias that is being described in the data. (There is only one correct answer.) A group of statistics students want to collect some data about ice cream for their project.  Their population of interest was all students at their college.  They decided to collect a random sample of students.   After the data was collected, the statistics students decided to delete all of the data from students that said they do not eat ice cream.

A scientific method for controlling confounding variables and proving cause and effect.

Match the term to the following definition. When neither the person giving the medicine or treatment nor the person getting the medicine or treatment know if it is real or fake. 

For the following example, select the type of bias that is being described in the data. (There is only one correct answer.) A group of statistics students want to collect some data about ice cream for their project.  Their population of interest was all students at their college.  They decided to collect a random sample of students.   Many students lied about how much ice cream they eat. 

True or False?  When statistical analysis indicates there is a correlation, relationship or association between two variables, this means that one variable causes the other.

What data collecting method was used? Ray works for a clothing company and needs to compare the amount of money that people identifying as “female” spend on clothing to the amount of money that people identifying as “male” spend on clothing.   Ray collects random sample data from each group in order to compare.

What data collecting method was used? Mike works for the U.S. government and needs to take a sample of people in the U.S.  He has a computer randomly select social security numbers and then collects data from each person whose social security number was picked.