When assessing your patient in ICU, you note the CVP has increased from 4 mmHg to 14 mmHg.  Concerned with an inaccurately high reading, which of the following bedside assessments would estimate the patients CVP.

A 65-year-old woman with a history of COPD was discovered unconscious at home 4 hours ago. She is now intubated and is receiving mechanical ventilation.  A flow-directed pulmonary artery catheter has been inserted. Relevant data below.  Pulse    136/min Blood pressure    76/60 mmHg Pulmonary artery pressure    17/6 mmHg Pulmonary capillary wedge pressure    4 mmHg Cardiac output   3.8 L/min Systemic vascular resistance    1354 dynes/sec/cm-5 Central venous pressure    1 mmHg The most likely cause of this patient’s hypotension is

Role strain occurs when an individual feels comfortable meeting the expectations of a particular role.

Role adaptation refers to how individuals adjust their behaviors and priorities when transitioning into new roles, such as parenthood.

Social role theory suggests that human behavior is entirely based on individual personality traits, not on social roles.

What effect would hypervolemia and pulmonary edema have on pulmonary artery pressure?

 Parenthood is a social role that carries societal expectations for both mothers and fathers, such as caregiving and providing emotional support.

A 53 year old female patient with a 30 pack year smoking history, medical history reveals a chronic bronchitis admitted to the ICU following coronary artery bypass graft surgery. Which hemodynamic parameter is most likely to be increased based on patient history?

Becoming a parent may lead to significant shifts in personal identity, as individuals integrate their new parental role into their self-concept.

Social role theory was primarily developed by Alice Eagly.