What must be present in the DNA just upstream from a gene in order for the gene to be expressed (transcribed and translated)?

When two atoms form a chemical bond, one takes an electron from the other. The two atoms then have full, opposite charges and and attracted to each other. This is an example of what type of bond?

Suppose that a reaction in which a chemical bond is broken has ΔG of – 5.2 kcal/mol. Forming another bond has ΔG of + 3.3 kcal/mol. Could these two reactions be coupled so the energy released by one reaction is used to drive the other?

There are both similarities and differences in cellular respiration and photosynthesis. Summarize some of them by choosing the correct answers from the drop-down boxes. The initial energy input that starts glycolysis and is used to drive cellular respiration is [a]. The initial energy input used to drive photosynthesis is [b]. Both cellular respiration and photosynthesis involve electron transport chains (e.t.c.) in a membrane. The e.t.c. involved in cellular respiration is found in the [c]; the e.t.c involved in photosynthesis is found in the [d]. The immediate source of energy for the e.t.c. in cellular respiration is [e]; in photosynthesis, it is [f]. In cellular respiration, the e.t.c. is used to directly generate [g]; in photosynthesis, the e.t.c from PS II is used to directly generate [h], and the e.t.c from PS I is used to directly generate [i].

Yeast cells can generate ATP in the absence of oxygen. What is the primary way they maintain ATP production in the absence of oxygen?

Which of the following events occurs earliest in mitosis?

In a population, the frequency of allele B is 0.4 and the frequency of allele b is 0.6. What percentage of individuals in the population will have the genotype BB if the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium?

A point mutation changes a codon from 5′ UGG 3′ to 5′ UGU 3′. This changes the amino acid from tryptophan (which is nonpolar) to cysteine (which is polar). What is the most likely impact of this mutation on the protein’s structure and function?

Both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells can “turn on” (activate expression of) multiple genes at the same time that are all needed for a particular metabolic pathway or process. In prokaryotic cells, this is often because the genes are [a]; in eukaryotic cells, this is often because the genes are [b].

Students are studying a protein found in frogs that overwinter in Alaska. Frogs are eukaryotes. The frogs actually freeze during the winter, then revive once temperatures warm up. They are planning to synthesize the protein in large quantities using bacteria to make it. The researcher hires a student to work with them on this project. The student suggests cutting the entire gene out of the frog’s chromosome so it can be added to the bacteria’s genetic information. If they do this, will the bacteria produce the same protein that the frog produces?