Structural designers usually cycle through multiple design and analysis steps before deciding how a structure should be built.

For a beam with stirrup hooks, the free end of the bar must extend at least _____ from the hook. Assume b1 = 25 in., b2 = 15 in., d1 = 4 in., d2 = 25 in., and that there are three No. 8 longitudinal tension bars and No. 5 stirrups at 12 in. o.c. The stirrup hooks are 90°.

Adjacent span loading is the common loading pattern for determining maximum shear at the supports between the loaded spans due to dead load.

A concrete floor system with a ratio of the longer to the shorter span length that is less than or equal to 2 is usually considered a one-way system.

A beam has dimensions of b = 14 in., h = 30 in., d’ = 2.5 in., and d = 27.5 in. It is reinforced with 2 No. 5 bars on the compression side and 4 No. 8 bars on the tension side. The concrete strength is 2,800 psi, and the yield strength of the reinforcement is 60,000 psi. If the depth of the neutral axis is c = 5.68 in., determine the force in the compression reinforcement, Cs.

A beam has dimensions of b = 20 in., h = 10 in., and d = 7.5 in. and is reinforced with 4 No. 7 bars. The concrete strength is 4,700 psi, and the yield strength of the reinforcement is 60,000 psi. If the depth of the neutral axis is c = 2.211 in., does the reinforcement yield?

For the initial analysis-design cycle, total beam depths are typically in the range of L/18 to L/12, where L is the center-to-center span length of the beam.

A beam has dimensions of b = 14 in., h = 26 in., d’ = 2.5 in., and d = 23.5 in. It is reinforced with 2 No. 5 bars on the compression side and 5 No. 8 bars on the tension side. The concrete strength is 2,800 psi, and the yield strength of the reinforcement is 60,000 psi. If the depth of the neutral axis is c = 7.179 in., determine the strain in the compression reinforcement, ε’s.

Simply supported beams loaded with only gravity loads develop tension cracks along the bottom of the beam.

A beam is singly reinforced with the reinforcement in two rows. The bottom row contains 9 No. 5 bars at a depth of 14 in. The top row contains 6 No. 8 bars at a depth of 8 in. Determine the effective (centroidal) depth, d, of the steel.