Chapter 5: Gelvin What are the roots of Saudi – Iranian competition? The outbreak of the pandemic, rise in aridity, and increase in Iranian nuclear activity have led to Saudi Arabia and Iran being on opposite sides in a number of civil conflicts and political disputes besides the one in Syria.

Chapter 10 – The Arab Spring and the New Era of Uncertainty Arab youth were not at the vanguard of the Arab uprisings so, they did not play a significant role and they were not agents of change. 

Chapter Six: Human Security in the New Middle East? James L. Gelvin wrote in Chapter 6: “The breadth and depth of the protests and uprisings that have engulfed the Arab world, Iran, Turkey and Israel indicate that agitation for good governance is not a transient or localized phenomenon in the Middle East. As such, the history of the past thirty years cannot BUT disturb the sleep of politicians, kings, and dictators throughout the region.”

Chapter 10 – The Arab Spring and the New Era of Uncertainty Which four countries had protest-driven downfall and removal of authoritarian leaders? Please pick the correct four countries – thank you. 

Disturbing the Peace Documentary: What is the name of the NGO that is featured in the documentary? Please pick the correct answer. Thank you. 

Turkey: Today an estimated 14 to 20 million _____________ live in Turkey with approximately half living in the southeastern region of the country.

Omar Al-Bashir, a democrat, was a well-respected leader and President of Sudan. He was removed from office by a military coup d’etat.

Chapter 4 – Religion, Society and Politics in the Middle East: please match correct concept with its definition – thank you!

Jordan: Please match the correct term with its definition/explanation – thank you.

Turkey: In _________, as a symbol of modernity and an aid to literacy, a version of the _________ alphabet replaces the Arabic script that had been used for writing Turkish.