Alpha Tech weighs the costs of technological upgrades with varying outcomes: • Smooth upgrade: Probability = 0.45, Cost = $200,000 • Minor issues: Probability = 0.35, Cost = $800,000 • Major issues requiring additional investment: Probability = 0.20, Cost = $1,112,175 What is the expected cost of technological upgrades for Alpha Tech?  

Question 8 (16 pts.) Draw the complete arrow pushing mechanism for the following reaction. Show how both of the products are formed.   Note that the carboxylic acid is formed in its deprotonated conjugate base form and the alcohol is formed in the protonated neutral form. Show where all protons go to and come from (no +H+/-H+). Indicate the Lewis acids and bases (LA, LB) and whether they are also Bronsted acids and bases (BA, BB) for each intermolecular step.

Question 2 (6 pts.) Determine the best reagents/conditions to perform the following reaction. Work it out on paper then compare to the provided options.

Choose ONE individual we have studied and describe their contribution to history, government, or politics.  (100-200 words)

Government may not interfere with religious beliefs, but government may regulate religious actions. In freedom of religion cases, which of the following would best demonstrate how the Supreme Court has typically defined the legitimacy of what a “religion” needs to be?

Which of the following are the source documents of these quotes: Quote 1: “That to secure these rights, Governments are instituted among Men, deriving their just powers from the consent of the governed, That whenever any Form of Government becomes destructive of these ends, it is the Right of the People to alter or to abolish it, and to institute new Government…” Quote 2: “We the People of the United States, in Order to form a more perfect Union, establish Justice, insure domestic Tranquility, provide for the common defence, promote the general Welfare, and secure the Blessings of Liberty to ourselves and our Posterity…”  

Under Article IV in the U.S. Constitution, which of the following is NOT an established obligation that states currently have toward other states?

Thomas Hobbes and John Locke both agreed that people should have a social contract to consent to be governed by their leaders. What best describes one of their fundamental disagreements?

Which of the following was NOT an achievement of the Articles of Confederation?

What is the term for a species that by protecting it we protect many species, regardless of its ecological role?