Section Three – Essay Questions x 2 questions. Please choose only 2 questions from the 3 provided. Do not answer all 3 questions as you will not be awarded any extra points for doing so and your first two answers only will be counted. (10 points per question) – as a guide only answers should be 300 to 600 words in length for each question in this section. Please outline which question you are answering using the boxes below, there is a box for each question you are answering to. For example, in each answer box, write ‘This is my answer to Question X’. This will help us know which question you are answering, without this clarification, you may be at risk of dropping marks. Questions are displayed below: The biggest global challenges for the NHS are: Ageing population, need for improved digital services, lack of resources and funding, staff retention, increasing number of patients with complex health needs, waiting time backlog post COVID19 pandemic, and social care provision in community. Pick one global challenge and critically answer why this is a problem, the effect this has on patient care delivery and the healthcare service, and what needs to be done to improve it (Include key documents that outline the improvement of the NHS within England)? Using the seven pillars explain what clinical governance is, why it is necessary and how this contributes to patients care? You believe that a change in shift pattern in your department is necessary to ensure the quality of care for the patients and reduce the risk of falls.  Using a project management tool such as the PDSA or Change model such as Lewins model, discuss how you would apply this to this innovation prior to integrating it into clinical practice.

Which of these might be viewed as an ‘enabler to change’.

Which of these would be a valid reason to undertake audits in healthcare?

According to our discussion on Ethical Theories, in the example of the New York Yankees baseball team and the hunger emergency, the nonconsequentialist thinker would be more likely to…

In util. theory, some factors that determine how many units of pleasure each act would produce include…

Literature, art, and music are examples of sensual pleasures (in utilitarian thinking) because  you need to use your 5 senses in order to be able to have access to (and thus enjoy) pleasure in these areas.

In the classical version of utilitarianism theory, who was the philosopher (or philosophers) who focused not only on the quantity of the pleasure (i.e., how many units of pleasure/happiness), but also took into account the quality (type) of the pleasure produced (i.e. Level 1 vs. Level 2 pleasure) when assigning the number of units of pleasure from each activity?

In the classical version of utilitarianism theory, J.S. Mill was the philosopher that focused on the quantity of the pleasure (i.e., simply how many units of pleasure/happiness), and J. Bentham was the philosopher who also took into account the quality (type) of the pleasure produced (i.e. intellectual pleasures versus simpler ones) when assigning the number of units of pleasure from each activity.

Helping others, at least whenever we can, is an example of an “imperfect duty” in Kant’s theory.

In the class handout, act-utilitarians and rule-utilitarians potentially disagree on the hypothetical case of whether doctors should lie to patients (that are seriously depressed or suicidal) about how bad their medical condition is. Assume that you meet a rule-utilitarian that strictly believes in following this particular rule: “Be honest to all patients.” In the class handout, the act-utilitarian would probably…