Gucci manufactures luxury shoes. It allows individuals to make changes to their work responsibilities, even dramatic changes, if they create or discover more efficient ways to work. This is an example of a company using ________.

Karen is a programmer with Yahoo and a mother. Her work has been outstanding but she is distracted recently. Her children are both in school and after-school-care, and she is worried about them. Since her work output is easily measured, her manager could

ERG theory has a ________ hypothesis, which suggests that individuals who have difficulty satisfying one need may regress to another one.

Bill is a Brazilian immigrant. Bill’s work before joining the group was terrific, a breakthrough in combining position data and financial modeling. He joined a new group to clean up a financial database. His work relied on cooperation from the IT department, and they claimed to be too busy to help. He made no substantive progress for months. Peter, the executive for the division, did not like Bill from the start. When he heard of the delays, he blamed Bill. This is an example of

A new product task team met for the first time. Tony, the team leader, was particularly stressed that day from work and home issues, and he answered questions gruffly. Tony’s gruff manner, thick New York accent, and age (over sixty years old) were interpreted by some team members to mean that Tony was closed-minded to new ideas and would be difficult to work with. Over time, the team asked fewer questions or offered few new ideas. Tony became gruffer because of his frustration with the team’s lack of participation. Tony felt pressure to move the project forward, so he pushed ahead with his own ideas. Team members grumbled to themselves that he was exactly what they first thought. This is an example of:

Ultimately, managers have the greatest influence on an employee’s motivation. Even though an individual manager cannot change the company’s reward systems, the manager can link performance to

The ________ in expectancy theory means the value the employee puts on the reward.

When HR sets salary ranges, one factor is competitive analysis. This means

Team cohesiveness is the extent that members are attracted to the team and are motivated to remain in the team. Members of highly cohesive teams

________ is the motivation theory that behavior is a function of its immediate consequences.