BONUS: According to the GOLD executive summary, ___________ has shown to improve COPD survival rate, increase maximal work capacity and improve quality of life for patients with concentration of severe upper lobe emphysema. (most of the disease in the upper lobes).

Select all of the true statements about the pathophysiology of COPD (select as many as deemed applicable).

According to the GOLD standards, all of the following are correct about COPD, EXCEPT:

When a patient presents in the ED with an acute asthma exacerbation, which of the following would you consider the worst variable in the patient assessment?

A 56 year old man is diagnosed with COPD. His post-bronchodilator FEV1 is 55%. His physician has prescribed a short-acting beta agonist prn, a long-acting beta agonist (LABA) twice a day, and a long-acting anticholinergic (LAMA). The patient is not on inhaled corticosteroids, has a CAT score of 17 with one exacerbation within the past year that did not lead to hospitalization. Which of the following best describes the GOLD Group classification of his COPD?

Which of the following pathologic changes occurs FIRST in the development of chronic bronchitis?

Mr. Smith is a chronic bronchitis patient admitted to the medical floor with a diagnosis of pneumonia and COPD exacerbation. Which of the following organisms is the most likely cause of his infection?

Which of the following is the main criteria required to qualify a patient for home oxygen therapy?

An emphysematic patient is sent to the ED by his PCP. The patient has obvious increased WOB and complains of dyspnea. ABGs are drawn on RA and the ED physician states the patient is still ventilating adequately at this time. Which of the following ABG values indicates that the patient has an adequate ventilatory capacity?

Mr. Lynch is admitted to the hospital experiencing an exacerbation of COPD. The physician has ordered SABA four times a day, LABA with a long-acting anticholinergic, oxygen therapy and IV antibiotics. To adequately treat his exacerbation, what is missing from his regimen?