We have discussed a few major redox reactions involving the processes of oxidation coupled with reduction.  Oxidation and reduction reactions are chemical processes that result in a gain or loss of ________.     (hint: do not think too hard about this one!!!… chemistry is basically the study of the flow of these little guys)    

  Glucose is broken down through cellular respiration, which involves a large number of chemical reactions.  At the end of the cellular respiration process, a large number of ATP molecules are generated, but yet, not all of the possible energy that is contained in a molecule of glucose can be harnessed through these chemical reactions to generate ATP.  In other words, during cellular respiration, not all of the energy that is contained in a molecule of glucose is converted into the energy stored in ATP. What happens to the remaining energy (think 2nd Law of Thermodynamics!)?     

  Why are carbohydrates and fats (!!!) considered high-energy foods?   (hint: think of their structure and the equation/steps associated with cellular respiration!)  

  In animals that take in oxygen from their environment (like us!!!), glucose is broken down into carbon dioxide and water in a process called ___________.  

  All of the reactions of cellular respiration that occur after glycolysis take place in what part of the eukaryotic cell?    

  A plant is treated with a chemical that blocks the flow of electrons between photosystem II and photosystem I, such that protons are not transported from the stroma into the thylakoid compartment.    What is the effect of this chemical on photosynthesis?    

  Flattened sacs (“pancakes”) of internal membranes associated with photosynthesis are called _________.   

  Which of the following molecules transports hydrogens (and their electrons!!!) from the foods we bring in to the electron transport chain (ETC)?  

  Energy is defined as    

  What stage of cellular respiration can occur in human cells with or without oxygen present?