A W14x82 of A992 steel is to be investigated for use as a beam-column in an unbraced frame. The length is 13 feet. First-order analyses of the frame were performed for both the sway and nonsway cases. The factored loads and moments corresponding to one of the load combinations to be investigated are given for this member in the following table. The multiplier to account for P-δ effects was determined to be 1.20, and the multiplier to account for P-Δ effects was determined to be 1.12. Determine the required second-order axial strength, Pr, of the member.Type of analysisPu (kip)Mtop (kip-ft)Mbottom (kip-ft)Nonsway3453533Sway13055100 

Most columns are subjected to some degree of both _______ load. This is especially true of statically indeterminate structures.

Determine Cb for the member if the moments at the top and bottom are 250 ft-kip and 540 ft-kip, respectively.

Using LRFD, determine the value of the AISC interaction equation for a W12x106 made from ASTM A992. Let L = 16 ft, Kx = Ky = 1.0, and Cb = 1.0. The factored loads are Pnt = 162.8 kip, Mnt = 266.4 kip-ft, The member is part of a braced frame, bending is about the x axis, and the LRFD moment amplification factor has been determined to be B1 = 1.023.

Compute the value of Cm for a beam-column with a moment of 180 kip-ft at the top and a moment of 510 kip-ft at the bottom.

Compute the LRFD moment amplification factor B1 for the W8x58 made from ASTM A992 steel with L = 15 ft, P = 300 kip, M = 270 kip-ft, and Kx = Ky = 1.0. Bending is about the x axis. The member is part of a braced frame, and the given service loads are 40% dead load and 60% live load. The frame analysis was performed consistent with the effective length method, so the flexural rigidity was unreduced.

In the moment amplification method, one computes the maximum bending moment resulting from flexural loading by a first order analysis and then multiplies by a moment amplification factor to account for the secondary moment.

Compute the LRFD elastic critical buckling strength, Pe1, for the W10x88 made from ASTM A992 steel with L = 13 ft, P = 540 kip, M = 280 kip-ft, and Kx = Ky = 1.0. Bending is about the x axis. The member is part of a braced frame, and the given service loads are 30% dead load and 70% live load. The frame analysis was performed using the requirements for the approximate second-order analysis method meaning that a reduced stiffness was used.

Multistory buildings can consist of a combination of braced frames and moment frames.

In each of the three structural analysis methods, member out-of-plumbness is accounted for by including fictitious lateral loads, called _______ loads, in the load combinations.