A “negative” or base deficit indicates a shortage of base excess of acid due primarily to respiratory causes.

If the bicarbonate in the plasma is 16 mEq/L and the PaCO2 is 30 mm Hg, it will result to an alkaline pH.

Patient on continuous nasogastric suctioning could have a non-respiratory disturbance of metabolic alkalosis.

The primary goal of acid-base homeostasis is to maintain a normal PaO2.  

What are the major mechanisms responsible for maintaining a stable pH despite massive CO2 production?  Pulmonary ventilation  Gastrointestinal secretion  Isohydric buffering

In the kidney’s tubule cell, counter-transport refers to the simultaneous transport of Na+ and H+ ions in the opposite direction.

Discounting potassium (K+), what is a normal anion gap range according to Egan?

Approximately, how much CO2 is removed daily by the lungs?

Based on the following ABG results: pH 7.01, PCO2 71 mm Hg, HCO3– 16 mEq/L, what is the most likely acid-base interpretation?

[H+] can be determined by the use of which factors? (Multiple Answers)