A patient with a history of chronic use of NSAIDs presents with stomach pain and nausea. What is the most likely diagnosis? 

A patient with a history of smoking and frequent NSAID use presents with epigastric pain. Which condition is this patient at risk for developing? 

A patient with uncontrolled hypertension is found to have proteinuria and decreased eGFR. How does hypertension contribute to CKD in this patient?

Which of the following is NOT a function of the normal gut flora? 

How do hydrophobic hormones typically exert their effects on target cells? 

How do the kidneys compensate for respiratory acidosis? 

How does the body regulate thyroid hormone secretion through feedback mechanisms? 

An infant presents with vomiting and diarrhea. What is the most likely diagnosis? 

A 65-year-old male with a history of dementia is brought to the emergency department with lethargy and restlessness. His serum sodium level is 150 mmol/L.  What is the most appropriate initial management for this patient? 

A patient with diabetes insipidus has excessive urine output and dehydration.