A 62-year-old man who has a 90 pack year history of cigarette smoking has had a chronic cough for the past 10 years. He has begun to lose weight (3 kg) during the past year. No abnormal findings are noted on physical examination. He has a chest radiograph that reveals a right hilar mass. A sputum cytology shows atypical, hyperchromatic squamous cells. What is the most common initial pathway for metastases from this lesion?

A 12-year-old male is diagnosed with Klinefelter syndrome. His karyotype would reveal which of the following?  

A 13-year-old girl has a karyotype that reveals an absent homologous X chromosome with only a single X chromosome present. What medical diagnosis will the nurse observe on the chart?  

A 22-year-old woman goes to her physician for a routine examination. A palpable nodule is found in the right lobe of her thyroid gland. No lymphadenopathy is noted. A chest x-ray shows no masses. A fine needle aspirate of the nodule is performed and cytologic examination reveals cells present consistent with a papillary carcinoma of the thyroid. There are no other family members affected by this disorder. She works as a secretary for an accounting firm part time and is earning a college degree. Which of the following findings would you consider most relevant in her past history to indicate a risk factor for this neoplasm?

A 67-year-old man has noted a 5 kg weight loss along with increasing fatigue over the past year. He has experienced dull abdominal pain for the past week. He has developed abdominal distention with lack of stools in the past two days. On physical examination, bowel sounds are reduced. An abdominal CT scan reveals a mass involving the descending colon. At laparotomy, a partial resection of the left colon is performed, with removal of an encircling mass. Microscopically, the mass is found to be a moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. Which of the following laboratory test findings is most likely to be present in this man?

A proto-oncogene can be defined as a(n) ___________ gene.  

When homologous chromosomes fail to separate during meiosis, which of the following occurs?  

Q27.  Match the following types of bowel obstruction with its descriptor.

Q12. When handing a pillow to a postoperative patient with an abdominal incision, who is coughing, the nurse understands that the pillow is for what purpose?

Q5.  Alan is a 28-year-old construction worker that developed intense right flank pain at the construction site.  Upon presentation at the emergency department (ED), Alan was pale, crying and reporting “excruciating” back pain (near the right flank region).  He states having kidney stones before and this feels the same. The CT scan report of the abdomen and pelvis states there is a renal calculi of 1.4 cm diameter lodged in the right upper ureter. The report also indicates severe hydronephrosis. Select all that apply to the complications related to hydronephosis.