Data mapping is the process of creating a list of the IT and data storage systems within an organization. 

A “hash value” is a numerical value assigned to a native file based on the unique contents and properties of that file and it functions as the digital fingerprint of that file.

It is necessary to implement a litigation hold:

Litigation generally begins when:

When searching for potentially privileged documents, which of the following will yield attorney-client privileged communications?

When preparing for a document review it is essential to formulate a strategy for the review and develop a plan for executing on that strategy. 

When preparing for a document review it is essential to formulate a strategy for the review and develop a plan for executing on that strategy. 

The federal rules of civil procedure or equivalent state civil procedure rules govern the procedures for discovery. 

A legal hold is the process during which an organization is required to preserve and not delete information that is relevant to a pending or anticipated legal action. 

A non-party to a litigation can be made to produce ESI through enforcement of a subpoena.