A _________________ Gateway is a network device that helps to convert voice and fax calls between an IP network and Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN) in real time.

Your network is divided into two segments. As the signal travels down the first segment, it becomes weak. To amplify the signals passing to the second segment, the network engineer installed a networking device. Which networking device did the engineer install? 

Addresses with the first octet of 224 to 255 are reserved, _____________(224–239) is used for multicast addresses.

The __________________________ provides the physical transmission of the data and handles error notification, network topology, and flow control.

________________________________________topology consists of a succession of connections between an interface on one router and multiple destination routers—one point of connection to multiple points of connections.

_____________   is usually restricted to spanning a particular geographic location such as an office building, a single department within a corporate office, or even a home office.

An _________   header tells the Data Link layer what to do with a packet once a frame is received.

The _______________________________(NIC) is installed in your computer to connect, or interface, your computer to the network. It provides the physical, electrical, and electronic connections to the network media. 

IP address _________________,   allows you to take one larger network and break it into a bunch of smaller networks.

________________________________  (ping) Uses an Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) echo request and replies to test if a host IP stack is initialized and alive on the network.