(01.03 MC) During coastal upwelling, nutrient-rich water rises from the ocean floor to the surface to replace water that has been blown away or moved by currents. How would this most likely change the abiotic components of the ecosystem near the surface where the upwelling is taking place? (3 points)

(01.01 MC) A scientist is investigating the effects of salinity on fish development in the Atlantic Ocean. He places fertilized fish eggs in an aquarium that contains lower salinity than typical Atlantic Ocean water. He observes that the fertilized eggs fail to develop. He concludes that fish eggs do not develop in conditions with low salinity. Why is this an invalid conclusion? (3 points)

(03.03 LC) Which type of wave cannot move without a medium in which to travel? (3 points)

(01.01 MC) A marine scientist is studying photosynthetic organisms, which use sunlight to produce their own food. She observes that they tend to populate shallower ocean depths. She concludes that photosynthetic organisms can only live in areas of low pressure. Why is this an invalid scientific conclusion? (3 points)

(01.01 LC) Why is pseudoscience not considered real science? (3 points)

(01.04 MC) Much of life on Earth is based in aquatic biomes. What property of water allows life to survive in liquid water? (3 points)

(02.01 MC) The theory of plate tectonics was developed with the contribution of scientists from many different disciplines. Which of the following is a contribution from geophysicists? (3 points)

(03.01 MC) Over the last few decades, scientists have noticed that lobsters, which obtain heat from the environment rather than generating it themselves, are moving north at a rate of six kilometers per year. What is the best explanation based on these observations? (3 points)

(01.03 MC) In order to simulate bathypelagic zone conditions in a model aquarium design, what light and pressure conditions would be required? (3 points)

(02.02 HC) In 2014, the European Space Agency’s Rosetta mission landed on comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. The spacecraft detected the presence of water ice on the comet. Does this finding allow the outside-in model to be elevated to a scientific theory? Why or why not? (3 points)